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Hello Johnny. Hi there. Do you like to take a seat? Sure.
测谎仪工作机制与生理压力应对实验
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The lie detector or polygraph. How useful is it in detecting whether someone is lying?
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Is it possible to beat a lie detector? That's what Johnny Phillips wants to find out.
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Lying is a stressful business. The natural physiological reactions to telling a big fat
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whopper is that your pulse quickens, you breathe faster and you start to sweat.
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Polygraphs work by detecting these changes so any spike on the chart can
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indicate stress and therefore the possibility of a lie. So the key to
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deceiving a lie detector is to try and hide your real stress levels.
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24 hours earlier Johnny was in the lab with his friend Richard. When Richard
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wasn't looking, Johnny stole his games console. And Johnny now hide his act of
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dishonesty from a polygraph. I was hooked up to it so that my breathing, skin
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conductivity and blood pressure could be measured.
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Polygraph tests start with the examiner asking a series of basic
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questions to which the answers are known to be true. This establishes a baseline
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which indicates the average stress levels of that individual.
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Now one rumor technique used by old spies was to put a drawing pin in their
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shoe. Now I'm going to press my toes down onto this pin during the baseline
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questions. Hopefully the pain will increase my stress levels so that during
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the potentially incriminating questions my nervous stress won't register any
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higher on the charts.
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Okay I'm going to ask you a series of questions I just need you to answer yes
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or no to each question. Are you known as Johnny? Yes. Is today Tuesday? Yes.
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Which is quite difficult when your big toes jammed down on a drawing pin. Are you
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wearing a grey jacket? Yes. With the baseline questions over it was time for
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the main interrogation to begin. I was also hoping another trick might fool
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the machine. Stress makes you sweat more which increases your skin
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conductivity putting telltale spikes on the graph. So earlier I'd sprayed my
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fingers with antiperspirant to reduce the flow.
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The test has started. Regarding the missing games console do you intend to
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answer truthfully each question about that? Yes. Prior to age 25 did you ever
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steal anything from a shop? Yes. Famously in the late 80s CIA agent Aldrich Amis
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beat two polygraph tests while he was spying for the Russians by apparently
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just being super relaxed. Have my techniques worked with similar results?
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Prior to 2005 have you ever taken anything from a friend knowing you
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would not return it? No. Do you know where the missing games console is right now?
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No.
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Did you take the missing games console that Richard was using? No.
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Well Johnny it would come at the end of your test and I'm afraid to tell you
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that you actually failed the test. There's one particular question which was
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did you take the missing games console from the bench in the lab and it shows
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a significant change in your breathing, in your galvanic sweat resistance and
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your blood pressure. You failed one question so you failed the entire test.
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I'd made a fatal error. Apparently the pain induced stress caused by the
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drawing pin produced a totally different spike to that caused by nervous
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stress and tests have shown that most antiperspirants actually increase
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skin conductivity.
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I may not have beaten the lie detector but a failed test isn't enough for a
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conviction in a UK court of law although it might help persuade a jury.
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视频理解与推测 (Video Comprehension)
严格对应教材 Page 149–150 官方练习：Before You Watch 与 While You Watch 测谎实战检验。
1.
Definitions (p.149) a starting point or level
2.
Definitions (p.149) the act of questioning someone (e.g., a criminal)
3.
Definitions (p.149) a sudden increase
4.
Gist (p.150) Which method does Jonny use to try to beat the polygraph?
5.
Gist (p.150) Which method does Jonny use to try to beat the polygraph?
6.
Evaluating Statements (p.150) When people tell a lie, they usually breathe slower.
7.
Evaluating Statements (p.150) Jonny secretly pricked his toes with a pin during the baseline questions to try to increase his average stress levels.
8.
Evaluating Statements (p.150) CIA agent Aldrich Ames beat two polygraph tests in the 1980s by using the same techniques that Jonny used in his experiment.
9.
Evaluating Statements (p.150) Jonny lied to the examiner about stealing Richard’s games console.
10.
Evaluating Statements (p.150) Jonny managed to beat the lie detector test.
Critical Thinking · Reliability of Polygraphs
On a scale of 1 to 5, how reliable is polygraph testing? Should polygraph results be admissible as legal evidence in a criminal court of law?