核心词汇 (Target Vocabulary)

学习 8B 现代刑侦毒理学与犯罪心理学核心词汇，点击语音按钮听美音发音，掌握核心释义与真题例句。

allegation [ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn] n.
A claim or assertion that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.
指控；陈述；指称
"The medical examiner looked into allegations that the hospital patient had been deliberately poisoned."
candidate [ˈkændɪdət] n.
A person or thing regarded as suitable for or likely to receive a particular treatment or role.
候选人；适合接受某事物者
"Arsenic was considered the premier candidate for stealthy assassinations throughout history."
deprived of [dɪˈpraɪvd əv] phr.
Suffering a severe and damaging lack of basic necessities or vital elements.
被剥夺；缺乏
"Cyanide prevents cellular respiration, leaving vital organs deprived of oxygen."
evaluate [ɪˈvæljueɪt] v.
To form an idea of the amount, number, or value of; assess.
评估；评价
"Toxicologists carefully evaluate blood and tissue samples using modern spectrometers."
frankly [ˈfræŋkli] adv.
In an open, honest, and direct manner.
坦白地；坦率地
"Frankly speaking, poisoners are cold-blooded individuals who meticulously plan their crimes."
in terms of [ɪn tɜːmz əv] phr.
With regard to the particular aspect or subject specified.
就…而言；在…方面
"In terms of lethal speed, cyanide acts within minutes, unlike gradual heavy metal toxins."
manipulative [məˈnɪpjələtɪv] adj.
Exercising unscrupulous control or influence over a person or situation.
操纵性的；擅长操纵他人的
"Poisoners are often manipulative individuals who appear charming while deceiving their victims."
remorse [rɪˈmɔːs] n.
Deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed.
懊悔；内疚；悔恨
"The criminal showed no remorse during interrogation, laughing about the cold-blooded scheme."
suspicious [səˈspɪʃəs] adj.
Having or showing a cautious distrust of someone or something.
可疑的；多疑的
"The nursing staff grew suspicious when the patient became violently ill after every homemade pudding."
weird [wɪəd] adj.
Suggesting something supernatural; unearthly, uncanny, or bizarre.
怪异的；离奇的
"Toxicologists occasionally encounter weird poisons like oleander tea or eye-drop cocktails."
00:00 / 00:00
💡 提示：点击任意课文句子可直接从该句起播，双击句子暂停。

In the Crime Lab

法医物证与毒物检测一线访谈：揭开冷血投毒者的心理轨迹与破案科技

Paragraph A
She's also the former chief medical examiner of the Commonwealth of Virginia. She oversaw the forensic investigation of violent, suspicious and unnatural deaths in Virginia and she inspired the character Cascarpetta in Patricia Cornwall's best-selling crime novels. Alfonso Pocley served in the Department of Pathology at VCU for almost 30 years. As director of its toxicology laboratory, he worked with Fierro to analyze medical evidence in homicide cases and often testified as an expert in court. At what point do you get cold into investigate a death? We see any death that is sudden unexpected, violent, or where there is an allegation of foul play. If we have the body before it's in the ground, we deal with it.
Paragraph B
But often it takes time for an allegation to be made, or for someone to believe it. Perhaps a family member has a motive. There's dissension about property, inheritance, a new wife, a child not getting a fair share. Those things set a chain of events into motion. The body has to be exhumed. Then what? How do you proceed? I take umpteen tissue samples at autopsy, heart, liver, lungs, brain, spleen, hair, nails.
Paragraph C
Blood tells you what was going on in the body at the time of death. The tissue in the eye is great. It's clean, no fermentation or contamination from bacteria, alan eye work together. What poisons are candidates? What's best to collect? You have to have a strategy. We'd want to know what poison the defendant would have access to. If it's a farmer, we look for agricultural things like pesticides or herbicides. We need to have an idea of where we are going. We can easily run out of tissue and blood samples before we run out of tests to do.
Paragraph D
So the technology you use to detect poisons in a corpse must be pretty sophisticated. Very. I call it the vanishing zero. In the 1960s, it took 25 milliliters of blood to detect morphine. Today, we can use one milliliter to do the same work. In terms of sensitivity, we've gone from micrograms to nanograms, which is parts per billion. Two parts per trillion with mass spectrometry. You could find anything if you do the research. Of course, some substances are more apparent. You can smell cyanide the minute you open a body at autopsy. cyanide works fast, like in movies, where the captured spy bites on the capsule and dies.
Paragraph E
Every cell is deprived of oxygen. You die quickly, dramatically, violently. Is there a personality profile specific to poisonous? The poisoner tries to cover up what he or she does. Poison is the weapon of controlling. Sneaky people with no conscience, no sorrow, no remorse. They are scary, manipulative. If you weren't convinced by the evidence, you wouldn't believe they could do such a thing. A case that sticks in your mind?
Paragraph F
There was this person at the University of Virginia Hospital, kept getting admitted for weird stomach complaints. The doctors were twisting themselves inside out to figure it out. He'd get better. His wife would come into see him in the hospital and bring him banana pudding. Someone finally ordered a toxicity test on him, but he was discharged before the results came back, off the charts for arsenic. By the time someone saw the labs, it was too late. We call the wife banana pudding lily. How many cases have suspected homicidal poisonings do you evaluate in the course of a year?
Paragraph G
Frankly, relatively few, if you were going to kill someone, it's more likely you shoot them. In American culture, everything is solved in 30 minutes. So, you aren't going to plan, go someplace to get poison, and figure out how am I going to give it. You're the expert. If you had to design the perfect poison for murder, what would it be made of? I could think of a few things, but I'm not going to share them. Thank you for watching.

课文配套练习 (Reading Exercises)

严格对应教材 Page 142–147 官方练习：人物与职责匹配、访谈细节理解、语境词汇释义及地道习语突破。

1.
Scanning (p.142) Patricia Cornwell
2.
Scanning (p.142) Alphonse Poklis
3.
Scanning (p.142) Marcella Fierro
4.
Skimming (p.142) Which topic is discussed by Fierro and Poklis?
5.
Skimming (p.142) Which topic is discussed by Fierro and Poklis?
6.
Skimming (p.142) Which topic is discussed by Fierro and Poklis?
7.
Detail (p.146) What is true about Marcella Fierro and Alphonse Poklis?
8.
Cause and Effect (Para B, p.146) According to Fierro, what might cause a body to be exhumed?
9.
Detail (Para D, p.146) What is NOT true about cyanide?
10.
Inference (Para F, p.146) What is probably true about Banana Pudding Lily?
11.
Detail (Para G, p.146) According to Poklis, why don’t more Americans use poison to kill?
12.
Words in Context (p.146) dissension (paragraph B)
13.
Words in Context (p.146) apparent (paragraph D)
14.
Words in Context (p.146) capsule (paragraph D)
15.
Words in Context (p.146) cover up (paragraph E)
16.
Words in Context (p.146) discharged (paragraph F)
17.
Idioms (p.147) You want me to quit my job? Over my dead body! means:
18.
Idioms (p.147) I know you disagree with your supervisor, but in this case it’s best to bite your tongue. means:
19.
Idioms (p.147) You’re new, so it will take time to learn the ropes. means:
20.
Idioms (p.147) The autopsy results can’t be right. Something smells fishy. means:
21.
Idioms (p.147) This isn’t the right answer. Let’s start from scratch. means:
22.
Idioms in Context (p.147) getting a fair share
23.
Idioms in Context (p.147) umpteen
24.
Idioms in Context (p.147) sticks in your mind
25.
Idioms in Context (p.147) twisting themselves inside out
26.
Idioms in Context (p.147) off the charts

Critical Thinking · The Mindset of Poisoners
Dr. Alphonse Poklis characterized poisoners as "controlling, sneaky, manipulative, and without remorse." Do you agree that poisoning is psychologically more cold-blooded than impulsive firearms violence?