核心词汇 (Target Vocabulary)
学习 10B 蓝色地带（Blue Zones）长寿生活方式核心词汇，点击语音按钮听美音发音，掌握核心释义与真题例句。
barely
[ˈbeəli]
adv.
B1
Only just; almost not.
仅；勉强；几乎不
"Fasting mice that barely consume enough calories to survive actually outlive well-fed peers."
discourage
[dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ]
v.
B2
To cause someone to lose confidence or enthusiasm; dissuade.
劝阻；阻碍；使灰心
"Seventh-day Adventist principles strongly discourage tobacco, alcohol, and caffeinated stimulants."
forbid
[fəˈbɪd]
v.
B2
To refuse to allow something; prohibit.
禁止；不准
"Traditional religious guidelines forbid secular commercial work on the Saturday Sabbath."
guideline
[ˈɡaɪdlaɪn]
n.
B2
A general rule, principle, or piece of advice.
指导方针；准则
"The Okinawan cultural guideline 'hara hachi bu' instructs diners to stop eating when 80 percent full."
industrious
[ɪnˈdʌstriəs]
adj.
C1
Diligent, hard-working, and productive.
勤劳的；勤奋的
"Sardinian shepherds remain remarkably industrious, walking steep hillsides daily well into extreme old age."
ironically
[aɪˈrɒnɪkli]
adv.
B2
In an odd or unexpected way, contrary to what one would expect.
具有讽刺意味地；出人意料地
"Ironically, wealthy societies with abundant calories often experience higher early disease burdens."
lean
[liːn]
adj.
B2
Containing little or no fat; slender and physically fit.
清瘦的；少脂肪的；精干的
"A lean, plant-centered diet of wild greens, goat milk, and whole grains anchors Mediterranean health."
longevity
[lɒnˈdʒevəti]
n.
B2
Long life; the fact or quality of living for a prolonged period.
长寿；长命
"Researchers study 'Blue Zones' worldwide to uncover the elusive lifestyle drivers of human longevity."
privilege
[ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ]
n.
B2
A special right, advantage, or immunity granted to a particular person or group.
特权；特殊荣幸
"Serving as a community elder and storytelling mentor is considered an honored privilege in Okinawa."
relieve
[rɪˈliːv]
v.
B2
To alleviate or remove an unpleasant feeling, pain, or distress.
缓解；减轻；解除
"Belonging to a tight moai social network helps relieve daily emotional anxiety and financial distress."
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In Search of Longevity
全球三大长寿“蓝色地带”调研：撒丁岛、洛马琳达与冲绳的饮食哲学与社会联结
Paragraph A
Sardinians Taking a break from farm work in the village of Silanus, 75-year-old Tonino Tola, tickles the chin of his five-month-old grandson Filipo, who watches from his mother's arms, Guchi-Guchi-Goo, Tonino Whispers, for this strong, healthy 1.8-meter-tall man, these two things hard work and family form the foundation of his life. They may also help explain why Tonino and his neighbors live so long. A community of 2,400 people, Silanus, is located on the edge of a mountainous region in Central Sardinia, where dry fields rise suddenly into mountains of stone. In a group of part of the region, 91 of the 17,865 people born between 1880 and 1900 have lived to their 100th birthday. A rate more than twice as high as the average for Italy. Why do they live so long? Lifestyle is part of the answer. By 11 a.m. on this particular day, the industrious Tonino has already milked 4 cows, chopped wood, slaughtered a calf, and walked over 6 kilometers with his sheep. Now taking the day's first break, he gathers his grown children, grandson, and visitors around the kitchen table. Giovanna, his wife, unties a hangarchief, containing a paper-thin flat bread, called Karzadda Musica, pour some red wine, and cut slices of homemade pecorino cheese. These sardinians also benefit from their genetic history. According to Paula Franculachi of the University of Sassari, 80% of them are directly related to the first sardinians who arrived in the area 11,000 years ago. Genetic traits made stronger over generations may favor longevity. Nutrition 2 is a factor. The sardinians diet is loaded with fruits and vegetables, milk, and milk products, fish, and wine. Most of these items are homegrown. Adventists, it's Friday morning, and Marge Jetton is speeding down the highway in her purple Cadillac. She wears dark sunglasses to protect her eyes from the sun's glare, though her head is barely higher than the steering wheel. Marge, who turned 101 in September, is late for one of several volunteer commitments she has today. Already this morning, she's eaten breakfast, walked one and a half kilometers and lifted weights. I don't know why God gave me the privilege of living so long. She says pointing to herself, but look what he did. Marge, like many other residents of Loma, Linda, California, is a seventh-day Adventist. The Adventist Church has always practiced and been a opponent of healthy living. It forbids smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain foods such as pork.
Paragraph B
The church also discourages the consumption of other meat, rich foods, caffeinated drinks, and most spices. Adventists also observe a sacred day of the week on Saturday, assembling and socializing with other church members, which helps to relieve stress. A study found that the Adventist habit of consuming beans, soy milk, tomatoes, and fruit, lowered their risk of developing certain cancers. It also suggested that eating whole wheat bread, drinking five glasses of water a day, and consuming four servings of nuts a week, reduced their risk of heart disease. It found that not eating red meat had been helpful in avoiding both cancer and heart disease. In the end, the study reached a surprising conclusion, says Gary Fraser of Loma, Linda University. The average Adventist lifespan surpasses that of the average Californian by four to ten years. That compelling evidence makes the Adventists one of the most studied cultures of longevity in the United States.
Paragraph C
Okinawan's. The first thing you notice about Ushi Okushima is her laugh. It fills the room with pure joy. This rainy afternoon she sits comfortably wrapped in a blue kimono. Her thick hair is combed back from her sun tan face, revealing alert green eyes.
Paragraph D
Her smooth hands lie folded peacefully in her lap. At her feet sit her friends, set Zuko and Matsutaira, cross-legged on a tatami mat, drinking tea. Ushi has recently taken a new job. She also tried to run away from home after a dispute with her daughter Kikui, a relative caught up with her in another town 60 kilometers away and notified her daughter. Not long ago, she started wearing perfume too. When asked about the perfume, she jokes that she has a new boyfriend. Predictable behavior for a young woman perhaps, but Ushi is 103. With an average life expectancy of 81 years for men and 87 years for women, Okinawan's are among the world's longest-lived people. This is undoubtedly due in part to Okinawa's warm and inviting climate and scenic beauty. Senior citizens living in these islands tend to enjoy years free from disabilities. Okinawan's have very low rates of cancer and heart disease compared to seniors in the United States. They are also less likely to develop dementia in old age, says Craig Wilcox of the Okinawa Centenary in study. A lean diet of food grown on the island and a philosophy of moderation, eat until your stomach is 80% full, may also be factors.
Paragraph E
Ironically, this healthy way of eating was born of hardship. Ushi Okushima grew up barefoot and poor. Her family grew sweet potatoes, which form the core of every meal. During World War II, when the men of the island joined the army, Ushi and her friends at Zuko fled to the center of the island with their children. We experienced terrible hunger, set Zuko recalls. Many older Okinawan's belong to a moi, a mutual support network that provides financial, emotional and social help throughout life. Ikigai may be another key factor. The word translates roughly to that which makes one's life worth living and it is something that is different for each person. My Ikigai is right here, says Ushi with a slow sweep of her hand that indicates her friends at Zuko and Matsu. If they die, I will wonder why I am living.
课文配套练习 (Reading Exercises)
严格对应教材 Page 177–183 官方练习：Before You Read、Reading Comprehension、人物习惯匹配与定量/定性数据分析。
1.
Predicting (p.177) What diet is typical of the world’s Blue Zones (e.g., Sardinia, Loma Linda, Okinawa)?
2.
Purpose (p.182) What is the main purpose of the reading?
3.
Detail (p.182) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor in Sardinians’ longevity?
4.
Reference (Para I, p.182) In paragraph I, that compelling evidence refers to ______.
5.
Detail (p.182) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the Okinawans’ longevity?
6.
Synthesizing (p.182) Which statement is true about Sardinians, Adventists, and Okinawans?
7.
Matching (p.182) Which guidelines does Tonino Tola (Sardinia) follow?
8.
Matching (p.182) Which guidelines does Marge Jetton (Loma Linda) follow?
9.
Matching (p.182) Which guidelines does Ushi Okushima (Okinawa) follow?
10.
Data Analysis (p.183) Sardinians: Hard work and ______ form the foundation for life.
11.
Data Analysis (p.183) Sardinian centenarian rate is more than ______ as high as national average.
12.
Data Analysis (p.183) Sardinians eat mostly ______ food.
13.
Data Analysis (p.183) Adventists are not allowed to smoke or drink ______.
14.
Data Analysis (p.183) Adventists are advised to eat ______ servings of nuts each week.
15.
Data Analysis (p.183) Adventists live 4–10 years longer than the average ______.
16.
Data Analysis (p.183) Okinawan women have an average lifespan of ______ years.
17.
Data Analysis (p.183) Okinawa features a warm and inviting ______.
18.
Data Analysis (p.183) Okinawans maintain a 'moai': a mutual support ______.
Critical Thinking · Personal Longevity Audit
Which habits of the Blue Zones (plant-based diet, daily movement, moai support, hara hachi bu) do you practice? Which ones would be hardest to adopt?