🎯 目标词汇发音与释义 (Target Vocabulary)

ancestor /ˈænsestər/ n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A person from whom one is descended; forebear.
祖先，祖宗
💬 课本原句例句
Today, many people continue to see El Popo as their ancestors did.
当地土著部落将这座巍峨的火山视为他们崇高祖先灵魂的长眠栖息之地。
dawn /dɔːn/ n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise.
黎明，破晓
💬 课本原句例句
They have witnessed the dawn on Mount Fuji, the highest point in Japan.
每逢破晓黎明时分，数以百计的朝圣者和登山者便踏着晨光向神圣的富士山顶进发。
destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The action or process of causing so much damage that something no longer exists.
毁灭，破坏
💬 课本原句例句
They can shape lands and cultures, but can also cause great destruction and loss of life.
历史上灾难性的大爆发曾向周边山谷喷吐出滔天碎屑流，造成了毁灭性的破坏。
disaster /dɪˈzæstər/ n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A sudden catastrophe causing great damage or loss of life.
灾难，灾祸
💬 课本原句例句
And his associates at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, there has been an increase in activity under Fuji recently.
地质学家时刻保持戒备，严防这座沉寂已久的活火山突然复苏酿成惨绝人寰的大灾难。
displace /dɪsˈpleɪs/ v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To force someone or something to leave their home or usual position.
迫使离开，置换，移位
💬 课本原句例句
A powerful eruption could displace over 20 million people.
火山喷发释放出的大量滚烫熔岩流迫使周边数以千计的村民背井离乡流离失所。
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To become larger in size, volume, or quantity.
膨胀，扩大，扩张
💬 课本原句例句
These include earthquakes or any sign that the mountain's surface is changing or expanding.
当深埋地底的炙热岩浆向上涌动时，火山底部的地壳岩体往往会向外微量隆起膨胀。
inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Certain to happen; unavoidable.
不可避免的，必然发生的
💬 课本原句例句
As with all active volcanoes, the question is not if it will erupt again, an eruption is inevitable.
监测专家警示，鉴于地底构造应力持续积聚，未来某天发生新的喷发是不可避免的自然规律。
monitor /ˈmɒnɪtər/ v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To observe and check the progress or quality of something over time.
监控，监测
💬 课本原句例句
Every volcano works in a different way, explains Carlos Valdez Gonzalez, a scientist who monitors El Popo.
遍布火山口周边的数十台精密地震感应探头，24小时不间断监控着山体微小的地热震动。
summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The highest point of a hill or mountain; peak.
顶峰，山顶
💬 课本原句例句
Sacred Summits Volcanoes are creators and destroyers.
历经数小时的艰难攀登，跋涉者们终于成功登顶火山口边缘最高的一处山峰。
witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To see or experience an event happen, especially an accident or crime.
亲眼目击，见证；目击者
💬 课本原句例句
They have witnessed the dawn on Mount Fuji, the highest point in Japan.
在安全观测点驻守的科学考察队亲眼见证了火山口喷涌出数千米高的巨大灰黑色烟尘巨柱。

📖 课文原文 · Sacred Summits

Paragraph A
Sacred Summits Volcanoes are creators and destroyers. They can shape lands and cultures, but can also cause great destruction and loss of life. Two of the best known examples are found at opposite ends of the world on the Pacific Ring of Fire. Simple of Japan.
Paragraph B
It's almost sunrise near the summit of Japan's Mount Fuji. Exhausted climbers, many of whom have hiked the 3776 meters through the night to reach this point, stop to watch as the sun begins spreading its golden rays across the mountain. For the climbers, this is an important moment. They have witnessed the dawn on Mount Fuji, the highest point in Japan. Mount Fuji is a sacred site. Japan's native religion, Shintoism, considers Fuji a holy place.
Paragraph C
Other people believe the mountain and its waters have the power to make a sick person well. For many, climbing Fuji is also a right of passage. Some do it as part of a religious journey. For others, it is a test of strength. Whatever their reason, reaching the top in order to stand on Fuji's summit at sunrise is a must for many Japanese.
Paragraph D
Every July and August, hundreds of thousands attempt to do so. Fuji is more than a sacred site and tourist destination, however. It is also an active volcano around which 4 million people have settled, and it sits just 112 kilometers from the crowded streets of Tokyo. The last time Fuji erupted in 1707, it sent out a cloud of ash that covered the capital city and darkened the skies for weeks.
Paragraph E
Today, new information has some volcanologists concerned that Fuji may soon erupt again, according to Moto Ukawa. And his associates at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, there has been an increase in activity under Fuji recently. This activity may be caused by low frequency earthquakes, understanding what causes these quakes may help scientists predict when Fuji will come back to life. In the meantime, locals living near Fuji hold special festivals each year to offer gifts to the goddess of the volcano as they have for generations, so that she will not erupt and destroy the land and its people below.
Paragraph F
Mexico's threatening mountain. Halfway across the globe from Fuji, Popo Cata Petal, one of the world's tallest and most dangerous active volcanoes, stands just 70 kilometers southeast of Mexico City. Although the volcano, whose name means smoking mountain, has erupted many times over the centuries. Scientists believe its last great eruption occurred around AD-820. In recent years, Popo Cata Petal is once again threatening the lives of the people near the mountain. In December 2000, almost 26,000 people were evacuated when El Popo, as Mexicans call the mountain, started to send out ash and smoke. As with all active volcanoes, the question is not if it will erupt again,
Paragraph G
an eruption is inevitable. The question is when it will happen. Every volcano works in a different way, explains Carlos Valdez Gonzalez, a scientist who monitors El Popo. What we're trying to learn here are the symptoms signalling that El Popo will erupt. These include earthquakes or any sign that the mountain's surface is changing or expanding. The hope is that scientists will be able to warn people in the surrounding areas so they have enough time to evacuate.
Paragraph H
A powerful eruption could displace over 20 million people. People whose lives can be saved if the warning is delivered early enough. For many people living near El Popo, especially farmers, abandoning their land is unthinkable. As anyone who farms near a volcano knows, the world's richest soils are volcanic. They produce bananas and coffee in Central America, fine wines in California, and enormous amounts of rice in Indonesia.
Paragraph I
Today, many people continue to see El Popo as their ancestors did. According to ancient beliefs, a volcano can be a god, a mountain, and a human all at the same time. To appease El Popo, and to ensure rain and a good harvest, locals begin a cycle of ceremonies that starts in March and ends in August. Carrying food and gifts for the volcano, they hike up the mountain. Near the summit, they present their offerings, asking the volcano to protect and provide for one more season.

📝 课文精读与官方理解题库 (Reading Comprehension & Skills)

得分: 0 / 21 题
🎯 预习练习完成进度 0%
📘 P.58 Before You Read 📑 P.61 Comprehension A 🔍 P.61 Information Scanning 📝 P.62 Skill: Summarizing 🤔 P.62 Critical Thinking
📘 第一部分：Before You Read 课前思考预习题 (Page 58) 共 5 题
Photo Caption: Mount Fuji, an active volcano in Japan, last erupted in 1707, sending large clouds of ash into the air. Japan’s native religion, Shintoism, considers Fuji to be a sacred place.
P58 Before You Read · Q1
1. (for a volcano) threw out melted rock and smoke
（对火山而言）喷出熔岩和烟雾
P58 Before You Read · Q2
2. used to describe a volcano that could erupt at any time
用来形容随时可能喷发的活火山
P58 Before You Read · Q3
3. believed to be related to a god or gods, and given respect
被认为与神灵相关并备受尊崇的
P58 Before You Read · Q4
4. the powder that is left after something burns
物体燃烧后遗留下的粉末状灰烬
P58 Part B · Predicting Topics
5. Look quickly at the title, headings, and captions on pages 58–60. Which topics will you read about?
（快速浏览标题、小标题和图片说明，本文主要探讨了哪些主题？）
📑 第二部分：Reading Comprehension A 多项选择题 (Page 61) 共 5 题 · 官方标准多选
P61 Comprehension · Q1
1. What is paragraph C mainly about?
（段落 C 的核心主旨是什么？）
P61 Comprehension · Q2
2. Which of these statements about Mount Fuji is NOT true?
（关于富士山的下列哪一项陈述是不正确的？）
P61 Comprehension · Q3
3. In paragraph G, line 4, the word symptoms could be replaced with ________.
（在段落 G 第4行中，词汇 symptoms 可以被替换为：）
P61 Comprehension · Q4
4. What was the reason for the evacuation from El Popo in 2000?
（2000年波波卡特佩特火山周围居民撤离的原因是什么？）
P61 Comprehension · Q5
5. Which statement is true about both Mount Fuji and El Popo?
（关于富士山和波波卡特佩特火山，哪项陈述对两者都成立？）
🔍 第三部分：Part B 段落信息匹配 (Page 61) 共 6 题 · 段落 F~I 精准定位
Which paragraph of the section “Mexico’s Threatening Mountain” contains the following information (1–6)? Write the correct paragraph letter (F–I).
P61 Part B · Q1
1. information about a past eruption (关于过去一次火山喷发的信息)
出现于哪一段落？
P61 Part B · Q2
2. examples of agricultural products that volcanoes provide (火山所滋养的农产品范例)
出现于哪一段落？
P61 Part B · Q3
3. a definition of a key term or name (核心术语或名字的定义释义)
出现于哪一段落？
P61 Part B · Q4
4. a quote from a volcano expert (火山专家的原话引用)
出现于哪一段落？
P61 Part B · Q5
5. a description of religious practices (宗教祭祀祈福活动的具体描述)
出现于哪一段落？
P61 Part B · Q6
6. an estimate of how many people could be affected by an eruption (火山喷发可能波及的人口预估)
出现于哪一段落？
📝 第四部分：Reading Skill 概括总结技能 (Page 62) 共 3 题 · Summarizing a Text
P62 Skill Part A · Q1
1. What is the main mission of the Decade Volcano Project described in the short passage?
（“十年火山项目”的核心使命是什么？）
P62 Skill Part A · Q2
2. During the 1992 eruption of Mount Etna, how did authorities defend the town of Zafferana?
（1992年埃特纳火山喷发时，当地政府是如何保卫扎费拉纳小镇免遭岩浆吞噬的？）
P62 Skill Part B · Summary
3. Which of the following is the most accurate summary of the passage 'Sacred Summits'?
（下列哪句话最精准全面地概括了课文《神圣之巅》的主旨？）
🤔 第五部分：Critical Thinking 批判性思维探究 (Page 62) 共 2 题 · 官方深度指引
P62 Critical Thinking · Q1
1. Why do most local people risk their lives rather than move away from an active volcano?
（为什么大多数当地居民宁可冒生命危险也不愿搬离活火山？）
P62 Critical Thinking · Q2
2. What should local authorities do regarding communities near active volcanoes?
（面对活火山周边的聚居区，地方当局应该采取什么有力措施？）

📘 核心词汇矩阵与跟读打卡

ancestor 0
/ˈænsestər/ n.
A person from whom one is descended; forebear.
dawn 0
/dɔːn/ n.
The first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise.
destruction 0
/dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n.
The action or process of causing so much damage that something no longer exists.
disaster 0
/dɪˈzæstər/ n.
A sudden catastrophe causing great damage or loss of life.
displace 0
/dɪsˈpleɪs/ v.
To force someone or something to leave their home or usual position.
expand 0
/ɪkˈspænd/ v.
To become larger in size, volume, or quantity.
inevitable 0
/ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ adj.
Certain to happen; unavoidable.
monitor 0
/ˈmɒnɪtər/ v./n.
To observe and check the progress or quality of something over time.
summit 0
/ˈsʌmɪt/ n.
The highest point of a hill or mountain; peak.
witness 0
/ˈwɪtnəs/ v./n.
To see or experience an event happen, especially an accident or crime.

✍️ 单元词汇深度专项训练 (Vocabulary Practice)

得分: 0 / 13 题
🎯 复习练习完成进度 0%
📘 Part A: 波波火山民间传说 📗 Part B: 基拉韦厄火山监测 📕 Part C: ex- 前缀黄金词网
📘 A. 语篇选词填空 · 波波卡特佩特的凄美传说 (Page 63) 共 4 题 · 五选四
Word Bank: [ancestors] [dawn] [disastrous] [inevitable] [summit]
One word is extra. Complete the paragraph with words from the box.
P63 Part A · Q1
1. Mexicans know lots of ancient stories that have been passed down from their ________.
（墨西哥人熟知许多由他们的______世代相传的古老故事。）
P63 Part A · Q2
2. In one version, Iztaccíhuatl dies of grief after hearing ________ news: Popocatépetl has been killed in battle.
（在其中一个版本中，公主听到______的噩耗后悲恸而亡：波波卡特佩特已战死沙场。）
P63 Part A · Q3
3. He carries Iztaccíhuatl’s body to the ________ of a nearby volcano and waits to die.
（他将公主的遗体抱到附近一座火山的______，静待死亡降临。）
P63 Part A · Q4
4. Smoke is often seen at ________, rising from one of the volcanoes.
（人们经常在______时分看到青烟从其中一座火山上升腾而起。）
📗 B. 词形转换与填空 · 夏威夷基拉韦厄火山 (Page 63) 共 5 题 · 正确词形填入
Word Bank: [destructive] [displace] [expand] [monitor] [witness]
P63 Part B · Q1
1. Local islanders have been ________ to its evolving shape over hundreds of years.
（数百年来，当地岛民一直是其地貌形态演变的______。）
P63 Part B · Q2
2. Sections of earth are often ________ by a sudden jolt.
（大片土地经常因突如其来的剧烈震颤而发生______。）
P63 Part B · Q3
3. or pressure builds up under the surface as the hot molten rock ________.
（或者当地表下滚烫的岩浆受热______时，地底压力不断聚积。）
P63 Part B · Q4
4. causing a(n) ________ eruption.
（从而引发一场______的火山大爆发。）
P63 Part B · Q5
5. Nowadays, the volcano is closely ________ by scientists trying to predict the next eruption.
（如今，这座火山正受到科学家严密的______以预测下一次喷发。）
📕 C. Word Link 前缀 ex- (out / away) (Page 63) 共 4 题 · 词根拓展
Word Bank: [exceed] [exit] [expand] [explosion] [export]
The prefix ex- means "away," "from," or "out." Complete each sentence. One word is extra.
P63 Part C · Q1
1. Improved telescopes have ________ our knowledge of the universe.
（更加先进的天文望远镜极大地______了我们对宇宙的认知。）
P63 Part C · Q2
2. Brazil’s biggest ________ are soybeans and coffee.
（巴西最大宗的______产品是大豆与咖啡。）
P63 Part C · Q3
3. For many, the costs of burning fossil fuels ________ the benefits.
（对许多人而言，燃烧化石燃料造成的代价已经______了其带来的收益。）
P63 Part C · Q4
4. A violent ________ almost destroyed the K lauea volcano in 2018.
（2018年一次剧烈的______几乎摧毁了基拉韦厄火山。）
🏆 LESSON ACCOMPLISHED

Unit 4A 专属学霸荣誉证书

Sacred Summits · 神圣之巅 沉浸研学大满贯
0 / 21
课文预习题得分
0 / 13
词汇深度复习分
10 / 10
核心学术词掌握
0%
综合正确率
“Volcanoes are creators and destroyers. They can shape lands and cultures, but can also cause great destruction.”
进入 4B: Is Prediction Possible? ➔