🎯 目标词汇发音与释义 (Target Vocabulary)
adjust
/əˈdʒʌst/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To adapt or change slightly to become comfortable with a new situation.
适应，微调，调节
💬 课本原句例句
How do athletes adjust to such intense pressure?
运动员们究竟是如何适应如此巨大的心理压力的？
automatic
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Done without conscious thought; working by itself.
无意识的，自动的
💬 课本原句例句
Weight lifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again, until they become automatic.
举重运动员和体操选手通过成百上千次重复相同的动作来精进技能，直到这些动作变成下意识的自动反应。
champion
/ˈtʃæmpiən/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A person or team that has won a competition or contest.
冠军，优胜者
💬 课本原句例句
What makes an Olympic champion?
到底是什么造就了一位奥运冠军？
differentiate
/ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To recognize or express the difference between things.
区分，区别，使有所不同
💬 课本原句例句
Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain physical characteristics that differentiate them from the average person.
大多数奥运参赛选手都具备某些独特的身体机能特征，使他们与普通人区别开来。
elite
/eɪˈliːt/
adj./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Belonging to the highest level, most skilled, or select group.
精英的，顶尖的
💬 课本原句例句
Perhaps the most important factor involved in becoming an elite athlete is genetic.
在成为顶尖精英运动员的过程中，或许最关键的决定性因素是基因遗传。
enhance
/ɪnˈhæns/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To improve the quality, amount, or strength of something.
提高，增强，增进
💬 课本原句例句
Some athletes' abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment.
有些运动员的天赋和身体潜能在他们特定的生活环境中得到了天然的提升。
generate
/ˈdʒenəreɪt/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To produce or create energy, power, or results.
产生，产生（能量），引起
💬 课本原句例句
These generate energy efficiently and enable an athlete to control fatigue and keep moving for a longer period of time.
这些肌纤维能高效产生能量，并使运动员在更长时间内控制疲劳并保持高强度运动。
genetic
/dʒəˈnetɪk/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Relating to genes or hereditary characteristics passed from parents.
基因的，遗传的
💬 课本原句例句
Perhaps the most important factor involved in becoming an elite athlete is genetic.
在成为顶尖精英运动员的过程中，或许最关键的决定性因素是基因遗传。
psychological
/ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Relating to the human mind and its mental processes or emotions.
心理的，精神上的
💬 课本原句例句
In reality, a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological factors, as well as training and practice, all go into making a super-athlete.
事实上，生物学基因、生活环境与心理素质的结合，加上刻苦训练，共同铸就了超级运动员。
require
/rɪˈkwaɪər/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To need something for a particular purpose; make necessary.
需要，要求
💬 课本原句例句
Surprisingly, a large muscular body is not the main requirement to do well in this sport.
令人惊讶的是，庞大强壮的肌肉体魄并不是在这个项目中取得佳绩的首要必需条件。
📖 课文原文 · What Makes an Olympic Champion?
Paragraph A
What makes an Olympic champion?
How does a person become an Olympic champion?
Someone capable of winning the gold.
In reality, a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological factors, as well as training and practice, all go into making a super-athlete.
Perhaps the most important factor involved in becoming an elite athlete is genetic.
Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain physical characteristics that differentiate them from the average person.
Take an elite athlete's muscles, for example.
In most human skeletal muscles, the ones that make your body move, there are fast twitch fibers and slow twitch fibers.
Paragraph B
Fast twitch fibers help us move quickly.
Olympic weight lifters, for example, have a large number of fast twitch fibers in their muscles, many more than the average person.
These allow them to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds.
Surprisingly, a large muscular body is not the main requirement to do well in this sport.
It is more important to have a large number of fast twitch fibers in the muscles.
Paragraph C
The legs of an elite marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90% slow twitch muscle fibers.
These generate energy efficiently and enable an athlete to control fatigue and keep moving for a longer period of time.
When we exercise long or hard, it's common to experience tiredness, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing.
These feelings are caused when the muscles produce high amounts of a substance called lactate and can't remove it quickly enough.
Athletes with many slow twitch muscle fibers seem to be able to clear the lactate from their muscles faster as they move.
Thus, the average runner might start to feel discomfort halfway into a race.
Paragraph D
A trained Olympic athlete, however, might not feel pain until much later in the competition.
For some Olympic competitors, size is important.
Most male champion swimmers are 180 centimeters or taller, allowing them to reach longer and swim faster.
For both male and female gymnasts, though, a smaller size and body weight mean they can move with greater ease.
And are less likely to suffer damage when landing on the floor from a height of up to 4.5 meters.
Paragraph E
Some athletes' abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment.
Those raised at high altitudes in countries such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Morocco have blood that is rich in hemoglobin.
Large amounts of hemoglobin carry oxygen around the body faster, enabling these athletes to run better.
Cultural factors also help some athletes do well at certain sports.
Takelellaroupe, a young woman from northern Kenya, has won several marathons.
She says some of her success is due to her country's altitude.
She trains at about 2,400 meters and some to her cultural background.
As a child, she had to run 10 kilometers to school every day.
Paragraph F
I'd be punished if I was late, she says.
Although genes, environment, and even culture play a part in becoming an elite athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed.
Marathon runners may be able to control fatigue and keep moving for long periods of time, but they must train to reach and maintain their goals.
Weight lifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again, until they become automatic.
Paragraph G
Greg Lugainus, winner of four Olympic diving gold medals, says divers must train the same way to be successful.
You have less than three seconds from takeoff until you hit the water, so it has to be reflex.
You have to repeat the dive's hundreds, maybe thousands of times.
Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit, but psychologically healthy as well.
They have to be, says Sean McCann, a sports psychologist at the Olympic Training Center in the United States.
Otherwise, they couldn't handle the training loads we put on them.
Athletes have to be good at setting goals, generating energy when they need it, and managing anxiety.
Paragraph H
How do athletes adjust to such intense pressure?
Lugainus explains how he learned to control his anxiety during a competition.
Most divers think too much, he says.
They're too much in their heads.
What worked for me was humor.
I remember thinking about what my mother would say if she saw me do a bad dive.
She'd probably just compliment me on the beautiful splash.
得分: 0 / 23 题
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🌱 Page 15 · Before You Read (读前热身)
📑 Page 18 · Reading Comprehension (深度理解与分类)
🧩 Page 19 · Reading Skill (Scanning 特定扫读)
🌱 第一部分：课本 Page 15 · Before You Read (读前热身)
共 3 题 + 预测思考
🖼️ Photo Caption (课本第15页插图与图注)：
"Athletes from India, Spain, and Japan celebrate winning medals after the Women’s Singles Badminton competition at the 2016 Rio Olympics."
（2016 年里约奥运会羽毛球女子单打比赛结束后，来自印度、西班牙和日本的运动员共同庆祝夺得奖牌。）
A. Sentence Completion (根据图注加粗词补全句子 1~3)
Instruction: Read the photo caption above. Then complete sentences 1–3 using the words in bold. （阅读上方插图图注，使用图注中加粗的单词完成下列句子。）
P15 Before You Read · Q1
1. Neymar, Serena Williams, and Lebron James are famous ________.
（内马尔、小威廉姆斯和勒布朗·詹姆斯都是著名的______。）
（内马尔、小威廉姆斯和勒布朗·詹姆斯都是著名的______。）
P15 Before You Read · Q2
2. The world’s biggest athletics ________ is the ________.
（全球最宏大的综合体育______就是______。）
（全球最宏大的综合体育______就是______。）
P15 Before You Read · Q3
3. Winners of sporting events are often awarded ________.
（体育赛事的优胜者通常被授予______。）
（体育赛事的优胜者通常被授予______。）
B. Predicting & Thinking (读前预测与成功要素排序)
💡 Discussion Prompt: What makes an Olympic champion?
Instruction: Read the title of the reading passage on the next page ("What Makes an Olympic Champion?"). List five factors in order of importance. （阅读课文标题“什么造就了奥运冠军？”，思考并列举出你认为决定运动员成为奥运冠军的 5 个关键因素。）
【官方参考思考要点 (Teacher’s Guide Clues)】：
- Strength & Physical Fitness: 卓越的肌肉力量与基础体能储备。
- Determination & Mental Toughness: 坚韧不拔的意志力与绝不轻言放弃的心态。
- Endurance & Stamina: 超群的耐力与长期维持高强度运动的机体抗疲劳能力。
- Money & Support: 充足的资金支持、顶尖训练设备与高水平医疗保障。
- Natural Talent & Genetics: 独特的基因天赋（如慢肌/快肌纤维比例、特殊骨骼体型优势）。
📑 第二部分：课本 Page 18 · Reading Comprehension (课文深度理解与分类)
共 11 题
A. Multiple Choice (多项选择题 1~5)
Instruction: Choose the best answer for each question. （为每个问题选择最佳答案。）
P18 Reading Comprehension · Q1
1. 【GIST · 主旨题】What is this reading mainly about?
（这篇文章主要讲了什么？）
（这篇文章主要讲了什么？）
P18 Reading Comprehension · Q2
2. 【INFERENCE · 细节推断题】Having a lot of slow-twitch muscle fibers is particularly important for ________.
（拥有大量“慢肌纤维”对下列哪种运动员尤为重要？）
（拥有大量“慢肌纤维”对下列哪种运动员尤为重要？）
P18 Reading Comprehension · Q3
3. 【DETAIL · 细节理解题】When lactate builds up in their muscles, people feel ________.
（当肌肉中乳酸堆积时，人们会感到______。）
（当肌肉中乳酸堆积时，人们会感到______。）
P18 Reading Comprehension · Q4
4. 【MAIN IDEA · 段落大意题】What is the main idea of paragraph F?
（段落 F 的核心主旨是什么？）
（段落 F 的核心主旨是什么？）
P18 Reading Comprehension · Q5
5. 【INFERENCE · 观点推断题】What statement would diver Greg Louganis probably agree with?
（跳水名将格雷格·洛加尼斯最可能认同下列哪种说法？）
（跳水名将格雷格·洛加尼斯最可能认同下列哪种说法？）
B. Classifying (特征归类与维恩图匹配 1~6)
Instruction: According to the passage, are the following especially important for marathon runners, gymnasts, or both? （根据课文内容，下列各项要素是对“马拉松运动员”、“体操运动员”还是“两者皆重要”？）
🏃 [A] Marathon runners (仅对马拉松运动员特别重要)
🤸 [B] Gymnasts (仅对体操运动员特别重要)
🌟 [C] Both (对两者都极其重要)
P18 Part B · Item a
1. training (长期系统的刻苦训练)
（训练对谁最为重要？）
（训练对谁最为重要？）
P18 Part B · Item b
2. slow-twitch muscles (慢肌纤维/耐力肌)
（慢肌纤维对谁特别关键？）
（慢肌纤维对谁特别关键？）
P18 Part B · Item c
3. practicing repeated motions (高频重复练习固定动作至自动化)
（反复打磨固定技术动作对谁尤为突出？）
（反复打磨固定技术动作对谁尤为突出？）
P18 Part B · Item d
4. small body size (小巧轻盈的身材体型)
（身材娇小轻盈对谁是显著生理优势？）
（身材娇小轻盈对谁是显著生理优势？）
P18 Part B · Item e
5. psychological health (心理健康与抗压调节)
（良好的心理健康对谁重要？）
（良好的心理健康对谁重要？）
P18 Part B · Item f
6. ability to control fatigue and keep moving for a long time (控制疲劳并长时间持续运动的能力)
（持续长时间抗疲劳运动属于哪类选手的核心特质？）
（持续长时间抗疲劳运动属于哪类选手的核心特质？）
🧩 第三部分：课本 Page 19 · Reading Skill: Scanning for Specifics (特定信息快速扫读)
共 9 题 + 探究思考
📖 Reading Skill Strategy: Scanning for Specific Information (扫读特定信息技巧)
1. Decide what kind of info you need: 判断所需信息的类型（如数字、人名、地名、专业术语）。寻找人名和地名时重点关注首字母大写词。
2. Analyze the text beforehand: 扫读前先略读各段首末句，判断目标答案最可能出现的段落范围。
3. Run your eyes over several lines: 视线同时扫过几行，一旦捕捉到关键词，仔细阅读整句话确认答案。
1. Decide what kind of info you need: 判断所需信息的类型（如数字、人名、地名、专业术语）。寻找人名和地名时重点关注首字母大写词。
2. Analyze the text beforehand: 扫读前先略读各段首末句，判断目标答案最可能出现的段落范围。
3. Run your eyes over several lines: 视线同时扫过几行，一旦捕捉到关键词，仔细阅读整句话确认答案。
A. Scanning for Specific Facts (课文关键事实定位 1~5)
Instruction: For each item (1–5), decide what information you need to scan for. Then scan the reading passage and choose the correct answer. （判断每道题需要寻找的信息类型，然后快速扫读课文找出正确信息。）
P19 Reading Skill · Part A · Q1
1. What is the height of most male champion swimmers?
（大多数男性游泳冠军的身高是多少？【寻找数字】）
（大多数男性游泳冠军的身高是多少？【寻找数字】）
P19 Reading Skill · Part A · Q2
2. What are three countries with high altitudes mentioned in the passage?
（文中提到的三个高海拔国家是？【寻找地名】）
（文中提到的三个高海拔国家是？【寻找地名】）
P19 Reading Skill · Part A · Q3
3. What is the chemical element that hemoglobin carries in our blood?
（血红蛋白在血液中输送的化学元素是？【寻找名词】）
（血红蛋白在血液中输送的化学元素是？【寻找名词】）
P19 Reading Skill · Part A · Q4
4. Who is the person who won four Olympic gold medals in diving?
（哪位运动员在奥运跳水项目中荣获了 4 枚金牌？【寻找人名】）
（哪位运动员在奥运跳水项目中荣获了 4 枚金牌？【寻找人名】）
P19 Reading Skill · Part A · Q5
5. What is the place where sports psychologist Sean McCann works?
（运动心理学专家肖恩·麦肯在何处工作？【寻找机构/地名】）
（运动心理学专家肖恩·麦肯在何处工作？【寻找机构/地名】）
B. True or False Statements (细节扫读正误判断 1~4)
Instruction: Read the statements (1–4). Then scan the passage and circle T (true) or F (false). （阅读下列陈述，快速扫读课文判断正误。）
P19 Reading Skill · Part B · Q1
1. Genes are an important factor in becoming an elite athlete.
（基因是成为顶尖精英运动员的重要因素。）
（基因是成为顶尖精英运动员的重要因素。）
P19 Reading Skill · Part B · Q2
2. A marathon runner’s legs can contain up to 90 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers.
（马拉松运动员的腿部慢肌纤维占比可高达 90%。）
（马拉松运动员的腿部慢肌纤维占比可高达 90%。）
P19 Reading Skill · Part B · Q3
3. Tegla Loroupe hasn’t won a marathon.
（特格拉·洛鲁佩从未赢得过任何马拉松赛事的冠军。）
（特格拉·洛鲁佩从未赢得过任何马拉松赛事的冠军。）
P19 Reading Skill · Part B · Q4
4. Most dives take more than three seconds to complete.
（大多数跳水动作需要 3 秒以上的时间才能完成。）
（大多数跳水动作需要 3 秒以上的时间才能完成。）
C. Critical Thinking: Evaluating Effects (批判性思维 · 综合文化环境影响评估)
🧠 Inquiry Task: Cultural Factors and Athletic Achievement
Question: The writer suggests that cultural factors affect how well someone does in sports. In what ways might the following factors have an effect on an athlete? （作者提出文化与社会环境因素会深刻影响运动成就。下列各因素可能以何种方式对运动员产生影响？）
diet (饮食) · education (教育) · family (家庭) · gender roles (性别角色) · religion (宗教信仰)
【官方权威解析与思考维度 (Teacher’s Guide Rationales)】：
- Diet (饮食营养)： 科学摄入高蛋白与特定微量元素，助力肌肉合成与运动后极速机体修复。
- Education (综合教育)： 良好的认知与知识水平让运动员生活更规律、心理更有弹性，从而促进竞技水平提升。
- Family (家庭环境)： 和睦紧密的家庭支持能够带来强大的心理安全感与后勤陪伴，减轻比赛压力。
- Gender Roles (性别角色与机会)： 社会对男女运动员提供公平的资金、设施与比赛机遇，能够激发更大的冠军潜力。
- Religion (宗教信仰与自律)： 引导运动员保持健康自律的作息，远离烟酒与不良嗜好，保持精神专注。
📘 核心词汇矩阵与跟读打卡
adjust
0
/əˈdʒʌst/
v.
To adapt or change slightly to become comfortable with a new situation.
automatic
0
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/
adj.
Done without conscious thought; working by itself.
champion
0
/ˈtʃæmpiən/
n.
A person or team that has won a competition or contest.
differentiate
0
/ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/
v.
To recognize or express the difference between things.
elite
0
/eɪˈliːt/
adj./n.
Belonging to the highest level, most skilled, or select group.
enhance
0
/ɪnˈhæns/
v.
To improve the quality, amount, or strength of something.
generate
0
/ˈdʒenəreɪt/
v.
To produce or create energy, power, or results.
genetic
0
/dʒəˈnetɪk/
adj.
Relating to genes or hereditary characteristics passed from parents.
psychological
0
/ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
adj.
Relating to the human mind and its mental processes or emotions.
require
0
/rɪˈkwaɪər/
v.
To need something for a particular purpose; make necessary.
📝 Vocabulary Practice 课本全套精练 (Page 20)
得分: 0 / 14 题
🎯 复习练习完成进度
0%
📘 A. Completion · 篇章词形语境填空 (Page 20)
共 6 题
Instruction: Complete the information with the correct form of the words from the box. （阅读 64 岁女将戴安娜·奈德不带防鲨笼横渡古巴至佛罗里达的传奇篇章，用方框中单词的正确形式补全句子。）
adjust (调整)
automatic (自动的)
champion (冠军)
differentiate (区分)
elite (精英/顶尖)
enhance (提升/增强)
generate (产生)
genetic (基因的)
psychological (心理的)
require (需要)
P20 Part A · Q1
1. In 2013, an ________ swimmer named Diana Nyad became the first person to swim from Cuba to Florida without a shark cage.
（2013 年，一位名叫戴安娜·奈德的______游泳健将成为首位在无防鲨笼保护下从古巴游到佛罗里达的人。）
（2013 年，一位名叫戴安娜·奈德的______游泳健将成为首位在无防鲨笼保护下从古巴游到佛罗里达的人。）
P20 Part A · Q2
2. The swim ________ Nyad to be in the water for nearly 53 hours.
（这次横渡______奈德在水中连续游了近 53 个小时。）
（这次横渡______奈德在水中连续游了近 53 个小时。）
P20 Part A · Q3
3. Some suggested this equipment ________ her performance, though Nyad claimed it actually slowed her down.
（有人认为这些特殊防水母装备______了她的表现，尽管奈德称其反而减慢了速度。）
（有人认为这些特殊防水母装备______了她的表现，尽管奈德称其反而减慢了速度。）
P20 Part A · Q4
4. What ________ this successful attempt from Nyad’s four previous attempts?
（是什么使这次成功尝试与奈德之前的四次失败尝试______开来？）
（是什么使这次成功尝试与奈德之前的四次失败尝试______开来？）
P20 Part A · Q5
5. Importantly, the ________ she made to her equipment helped.
（重要的是，她对装备所做的各种______发挥了作用。）
（重要的是，她对装备所做的各种______发挥了作用。）
P20 Part A · Q6
6. But experts believe the main difference was Nyad’s determination, since her struggle was just as much ________ as physical.
（但专家认为核心差异在于她的意志力，因为这场搏斗不仅是肉体上的，更是______上的。）
（但专家认为核心差异在于她的意志力，因为这场搏斗不仅是肉体上的，更是______上的。）
📙 B. Definitions · 核心词汇定义匹配 (Page 20)
共 5 题
Instruction: Match the definitions (1–5) to words from the box in A. （将英文精准释义 1–5 与 Part A 方框中的对应单词配对。）
P20 Part B · Q1
1. the winner of a competition
（释义：一项比赛/赛事的优胜胜出者）
（释义：一项比赛/赛事的优胜胜出者）
P20 Part B · Q2
2. to produce or cause something to begin
（释义：生产、制造或促使某事开始发生）
（释义：生产、制造或促使某事开始发生）
P20 Part B · Q3
3. relating to your DNA
（释义：与你的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）相关的）
（释义：与你的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）相关的）
P20 Part B · Q4
4. to move or change something slightly
（释义：轻微移动或调整某物以使其适应）
（释义：轻微移动或调整某物以使其适应）
P20 Part B · Q5
5. happening without thought
（释义：不假思索便自然发生的；下意识的）
（释义：不假思索便自然发生的；下意识的）
📕 C. Word Link · 后缀构词扩展: -ology (Page 20)
共 3 题
💡 Word Link Strategy (后缀 -ology 构词规律): The suffix -ology, as in psychology, means “the study of.”
（后缀 -ology 表示“……学/对……的科学研究”，结合不同词根构建现代科学门类。）
（后缀 -ology 表示“……学/对……的科学研究”，结合不同词根构建现代科学门类。）
P20 Part C · Q1
1. The study of human cultures = ________
（释义：对人类起源、社会演变与文化的科学研究）
（释义：对人类起源、社会演变与文化的科学研究）
P20 Part C · Q2
2. The study of living things = ________
（释义：研究生命现象与一切活着的生物的科学）
（释义：研究生命现象与一切活着的生物的科学）
P20 Part C · Q3
3. The study of physical structures of Earth = ________
（释义：研究地球物理构造与地壳岩石演变的学科）
（释义：研究地球物理构造与地壳岩石演变的学科）
🏆 3. Honor Certificate 课后荣誉通关证书
🏆 Reading Explorer 3 · 1B 荣誉通关证书
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