🎯 目标词汇发音与释义 (Target Vocabulary)
conscious
/ˈkɒnʃəs/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake and mindful.
有意识的，意识到的
💬 课本原句例句
The Egyptians presumed, like many people before and after them, that consciousness, your mind and your thoughts, existed in the heart.
尽管许多婴儿期形成的强烈情感记忆无法被成年人的显意识直接提取，但它们依然在深层次塑造着我们的个性。
emotion
/ɪˈmoʊʃn/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A natural instinctive state of mind deriving from circumstances or mood.
情感，情绪
💬 课本原句例句
Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
情绪是大脑中最为固化且最难被轻易改变的原始神经回路之一，著名心理学家保罗·埃克曼如是评价。
flexible
/ˈfleksəbl/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Capable of bending or changing easily without breaking; adaptable.
灵活的，可变通的
💬 课本原句例句
Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain, says Ekman.
情绪是大脑中最为固化且最难被轻易改变的原始神经回路之一，著名心理学家保罗·埃克曼如是评价。
function
/ˈfʌŋkʃn/
v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To work or operate in a proper or particular way; purpose.
运作，起作用；功能
💬 课本原句例句
Before this area began to function, around age 2, you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity.
在大脑前额叶皮层这一关键脑区发育成熟并开始正常发挥功能之前，两岁前的幼童很难意识到自己是个独立的个体。
perspective
/pərˈspektɪv/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; point of view.
视角，看法，观点
💬 课本原句例句
In those with a more positive perspective, activity occurs in the left prefrontal cortex.
脑电监测实验表明，在那些日常对生活持有更加积极乐观视角的人群大脑中，左前额叶皮层的神经电信号更为活跃。
reinforce
/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrs/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To strengthen or support an object, pattern, or belief.
增强，强化，巩固
💬 课本原句例句
Every feeling you remember and every thought you think altars the connections within the vast network of brain cells and memories are reinforced, weakened, or newly formed.
你每一次重新唤起的回忆与深度思考，都会对大脑庞大神经网络中相对应的突触连接起到强化或重塑作用。
structure
/ˈstrʌktʃər/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The arrangement of and relations between parts of something complex.
结构，构造
💬 课本原句例句
Some scientists believe highly emotional memories, especially those associated with intense fear, might be stored in another structure in the brain, the amygdala, that may be functional at birth.
脑科学家认为，伴随剧烈恐惧体验的极端情绪记忆被牢固储存在位于大脑深处的古老核团结构——杏仁核之中。
transform
/trænsˈfɔːrm/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To make a thorough or dramatic change in form or character.
转变，变革，改造
💬 课本原句例句
Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
如今，功能性磁共振成像等前沿神经影像追踪技术的问世，彻底颠覆并深刻改变了人类探索心智与脑机制的方式。
vast
/væst/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Of very great extent or quantity; immense.
巨大的，浩瀚的
💬 课本原句例句
Every feeling you remember and every thought you think altars the connections within the vast network of brain cells and memories are reinforced, weakened, or newly formed.
人类头颅中容纳了包含数百亿神经元以及万亿级别庞大突触连接的浩瀚神经网络。
welfare
/ˈwelfer/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group; well-being.
福祉，健康，安康
💬 课本原句例句
Ekman suggested that these emotions and their corresponding facial expressions evolved to help us deal quickly with situations that can affect our welfare.
人类在漫长漫长的物种进化中形成的本能恐惧与警惕面部表情，是为了帮助我们迅速应对直接关乎生存福祉的危机局面。
📖 课文原文 · What’s on Your Mind?
Paragraph A
What's on your mind?
The ancient Egyptians thought so little of the brain that when a king died, they removed the brain from his body and threw it away.
The Egyptians presumed, like many people before and after them, that consciousness, your mind and your thoughts, existed in the heart.
Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5 kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago?
This isn't a new question.
Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources
Paragraph B
of thought, emotion, behavior and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
Have you ever stopped and thought, what's wrong with me today?
I just don't feel like myself.
Perhaps you are more tired or worried than usual, but somehow you knew that something was different about you.
This self-awareness, the ability to think about yourself and how you're feeling, is an important part of being human.
Paragraph C
This part of your mind has its origins in the prefrontal cortex, a region of your brain just behind your forehead, that extends to about your ears.
Before this area began to function, around age 2, you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity.
As this part of your brain developed, you became more aware of yourself in your thoughts and feelings.
Paragraph D
The temporal lobe, a part of the brain associated with perception and speech, helped you understand and put into words these thoughts and feelings.
Perhaps one of the most important factors involved in shaping our identity is memory.
What exactly is a memory?
Most scientists define it as a stored pattern of connections between neurons in the brain.
Every feeling you remember and every thought you think altars the connections within the vast network of brain cells and memories are reinforced, weakened, or newly formed.
Paragraph E
Most people's earliest memories reach back to about age 3 or so.
Very few people remember anything before this time because the part of the brain that helps form long-term memories, hippocampus, was not yet fully developed.
This doesn't mean early memories don't exist in your mind, though.
Some scientists believe highly emotional memories, especially those associated with intense fear, might be stored in another structure in the brain, the amygdala, that may be functional at birth.
Paragraph F
Although these memories are not accessible to the conscious mind, they might still shape the way we feel and behave, even into adulthood.
But where do our emotions come from?
And how do they shape the people we are and the way we perceive the world?
40 years ago, psychologist Paul Ekman demonstrated that facial expressions used to exhibit certain emotions are recognized by people everywhere.
Ekman suggested that these emotions and their corresponding facial expressions evolved to help us deal quickly with situations that can affect our welfare.
Paragraph G
Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don't all have the same emotional response to every situation.
In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories.
The smell of freshly cut grass, for example, will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable childhood summers in the countryside.
But not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm.
Paragraph H
Once an emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it.
Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain, says Ekman.
But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment.
But is it really possible to control our emotions?
Researcher Richard Davidson has demonstrated that people who experienced negative emotions display activity in their right prefrontal cortex.
Paragraph I
In those with a more positive perspective, activity occurs in the left prefrontal cortex.
Could we, Davidson wondered, control this activity, and shift our mental state away from negative feelings towards a calm estate of mind?
To answer this question, Davidson worked with a group of volunteers in the United States.
One group received eight weeks of training, using different meditation and relaxation techniques, while another group did not.
By the end of the study, those who had meditated had accomplished their goal.
They showed a clear shift in brain activity toward the left happier frontal cortex.
For centuries, people have studied the brain.
But it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works.
Paragraph J
Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we understand our mind's many complexities.
📝 课文精读与官方理解题库 (Reading Comprehension & Skills)
得分: 0 / 21 题
🎯 预习练习完成进度
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📘 Part A: Multiple Choice (理解选择题)
🧠 Part B: Brain Functions (大脑脑区功能匹配)
📑 Reading Skill A: Section Headings (段落结构小标题)
🔍 Reading Skill B: Word Web Summary (核心概念填空)
📘 Reading Comprehension · Part A 多项选择题 (Page 157)
5 题 · 官方单选
P157 Gist · Q1
1. What is this reading mainly about?
P157 Detail · Q2
2. Which of these statements is NOT true? (paragraphs C and D)
P157 Detail · Q3
3. Why don’t most people have memories of what happened before they were three years old? (paragraph F)
P157 Detail · Q4
4. Where is the activity center for negative emotions? (paragraph I)
P157 Detail · Q5
5. According to researcher Richard Davidson, what helps people shift away from a negative state of mind? (paragraph J)
🧠 Reading Comprehension · Part B 脑区功能配对 (Page 157)
4 题 · 官方脑解剖图解
P157 Brain Part · 1
6. Which part of the brain helps people form long-term memories?
P157 Brain Part · 2
7. Which part of the brain stores emotional memories, such as fear?
P157 Brain Part · 3
8. Which part of the brain is associated with speech and perception?
P157 Brain Part · 4
9. Which part of the brain is key to an individual’s self-awareness?
📑 Reading Skill · Part A Text Organization 段落结构小标题 (Page 158)
4 题 · 官方层级小标题配对
P158 Reading Skill A · Section 1
10. Match the best heading to Section 1 (paragraphs C–D):
P158 Reading Skill A · Section 2
11. Match the best heading to Section 2 (paragraphs E–F):
P158 Reading Skill A · Section 3
12. Match the best heading to Section 3 (paragraphs G–H):
P158 Reading Skill A · Section 4
13. Match the best heading to Section 4 (paragraphs I–J):
🔍 Reading Skill · Part B Word Web Summary 原词概念填空 (Page 158)
8 题 · 官方要点归纳
P158 Skill B · Item 1
14. Section 1 Summary: 1. ________ is key to what makes us individuals.
P158 Skill B · Item 2
15. Section 1 Summary: It is key to the 2. ________ identity.
P158 Skill B · Item 3
16. Section 1 Summary: Children develop this self-recognition around the age of 3. ________.
P158 Skill B · Item 4
17. Section 1 Summary: The prefrontal cortex anchors a person’s distinct 4. ________.
P158 Skill B · Item 5
18. Section 2 Summary: 5. ________ memories are consolidated in the hippocampus.
P158 Skill B · Item 6
19. Section 3 Summary: Emotional 6. ________ are heavily encoded in the amygdala.
P158 Skill B · Item 7
20. Section 3 Summary: Once an emotional association is fixed, it is hard to 7. ________.
P158 Skill B · Item 8
21. Section 4 Summary: Eight weeks of 8. ________ helped shift activity to the left prefrontal cortex.
📘 核心词汇矩阵与跟读打卡
conscious
0
/ˈkɒnʃəs/
adj.
Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake and mindful.
emotion
0
/ɪˈmoʊʃn/
n.
A natural instinctive state of mind deriving from circumstances or mood.
flexible
0
/ˈfleksəbl/
adj.
Capable of bending or changing easily without breaking; adaptable.
function
0
/ˈfʌŋkʃn/
v./n.
To work or operate in a proper or particular way; purpose.
perspective
0
/pərˈspektɪv/
n.
A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; point of view.
reinforce
0
/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrs/
v.
To strengthen or support an object, pattern, or belief.
structure
0
/ˈstrʌktʃər/
n.
The arrangement of and relations between parts of something complex.
transform
0
/trænsˈfɔːrm/
v.
To make a thorough or dramatic change in form or character.
vast
0
/væst/
adj.
Of very great extent or quantity; immense.
welfare
0
/ˈwelfer/
n.
The health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group; well-being.
📝 Vocabulary Practice 全套官方练习 (Page 159)
得分: 0 / 15 题
🎯 复习练习完成进度
0%
📘 Part A: Mind-Mapping (思维导图语境填空)
📑 Part B: Brain Definitions (核心释义精准甄选)
🌌 Part C: Collocations with vast (vast 高频搭配)
📘 Part A · Mind-Mapping 语境填空 (Page 159)
4 题 · 官方段落填空
P159 Part A · Q1
1. From Buzan’s 1. ________, mind-mapping is a tool...
P159 Part A · Q2
2. ...a tool that can 2. ________ your mental ability dramatically.
P159 Part A · Q3
3. One benefit is that it can help you memorize a 3. ________ amount of information.
P159 Part A · Q4
4. Looking at a mind map again and again can also help 4. ________ your knowledge...
📑 Part B · Core Definitions 核心词义释义 (Page 159)
6 题 · 官方释义甄选
P159 Part B · 1. flexible
5. A(n) ________ object or material can be bent easily without breaking.
P159 Part B · 2. structure
6. The ________ of something is the way in which its parts are arranged.
P159 Part B · 3. functions
7. If something ________ properly, it works the way it’s supposed to.
P159 Part B · 4. welfare
8. The ________ of a person or group is their health, comfort, and happiness.
P159 Part B · 5. conscious
9. If you are ________, you are aware of your surroundings.
P159 Part B · 6. emotions
10. Joy, fear, hate, and love are examples of ________.
🌌 Part C · Collocations with vast 权威高频搭配 (Page 159)
5 题 · 官方搭配填空
P159 Part C · 1
11. There is a vast ________ of stars in our universe: billions.
P159 Part C · 2
12. While astronomers have mapped parts of the universe, there are vast ________ of space that they haven’t.
P159 Part C · 3
13. The vast ________ of Americans—over 80 percent—live in urban areas.
P159 Part C · 4
14. The Internet is a vast ________ of interconnected computers.
P159 Part C · 5
15. Many people keep a vast ________ of souvenirs, letters, and photos to remind them of their past.
Unit 10A · 恭喜完成全课研学！
Reading Explorer 3 · All in the Mind (What’s on Your Mind?)
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预习理解得分
0 / 15
复习练习得分
0 / 36
单元总得分
0%
综合正确率
“For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works.”