🎯 目标词汇发音与释义 (Target Vocabulary)
abstract
/ˈæbstrækt/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
抽象的
💬 课本原句例句
He even had an elementary understanding of the abstract concept of zero.
长期以来哲学界普遍认为，只有人类才独家掌握使用抽象符号和高级数学逻辑进行思维的智力能力。
acknowledge
/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To accept or admit the existence or truth of something.
承认，认可
💬 课本原句例句
When Pepperberg began her research with Alex, very few scientists acknowledge that animals were capable of thought.
越来越多的灵长类动物行为学家公开承认，黑猩猩同样展现出了令人惊异的自我意识和对同伴情绪的同理心。
dismiss
/dɪsˈmɪs/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering.
不予理会，摒弃，轻视
💬 课本原句例句
In fact, a number of critics dismiss animals' ability to use tools or understand human language.
早期许多传统学者极其武断地轻视摒弃了动物可能具备真正语言能力的观点，认为它们仅仅只是机械反射。
imitate
/ˈɪmɪteɪt/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To copy someone's speech, behavior, or actions.
模仿，效仿
💬 课本原句例句
He learned how to use his voice to imitate almost 100 English words, including those for foods, colors, shapes and numbers.
非洲灰鹦鹉Alex不仅能唯妙唯肖地模仿人类清晰发音，更令人震惊的是它还能准确运用词汇识别数十种物品。
master
/ˈmæstər/
v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To acquire complete knowledge or skill in a subject or technique.
精通，掌握；大师
💬 课本原句例句
Because Alex had mastered many English words, Pepperberg could ask him questions about a bird's basic understanding of the world.
聪颖过人的大猩猩Koko在研究员数十年的悉心引导下，成功掌握了由上千个手势词汇构成的丰富美国手语系统。
motive
/ˈmoʊtɪv/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A reason for doing something, especially one that is hidden.
动机，目的
💬 课本原句例句
Certain skills are considered key signs of higher mental abilities, a good memory, an understanding of symbols, self-awareness, understanding of others' motives and creativity.
观察表明，黑猩猩有时会出于狡黠隐秘的动机故意装作没有发现藏匿的香蕉，以便在同伴离开后独自大快朵颐。
possess
/pəˈzes/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To have, own, or belong to something; hold a quality.
拥有，具有
💬 课本原句例句
How then could a scientist demonstrate that animals might in fact possess intelligence?
海豚、虎鲸和非洲象已被科学实验充分证明同样具备高度发达的大脑皮层，并拥有复杂的家族社会交流语汇。
primitive
/ˈprɪmətɪv/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Relating to an early stage in the evolutionary development.
原始的，早期的
💬 课本原句例句
chimpanzees who are genetically similar to humans use a variety of primitive tools for eating, drinking and hunting.
鸟类的鸣叫沟通决不仅仅是出于求偶或警报的简单原始声学本能，其发音组织具有高度复杂的句法特征。
pronounce
/prəˈnaʊns/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To make the sound of a word or letter in a particular way.
发音，读音
💬 课本原句例句
Parrots learn to pronounce and use our words so they can become a part of our group.
尽管灵长类动物喉部天然声带肌肉结构无法像人类一样精准发音，但它们完全能借助电脑键盘符号自如表达心声。
theory
/ˈθiːəri/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something.
理论，学说
💬 课本原句例句
To test her theory, she bought an African gray parrot, she named Alex, and taught him to reproduce the sounds of the English language.
关于动物认知的突破性实证发现，正在强力冲击并修正着传统的以人类为中心的心智演化理论。
📖 课文原文 · Inside Animal Minds
Paragraph A
In 1977, Irene Pepperberg, a recent graduate of Harvard University, did something very unusual.
Pepperberg was interested in learning if animals could think.
And the best way to do this she reasoned was to talk to them.
To test her theory, she bought an African gray parrot, she named Alex, and taught him to reproduce the sounds of the English language.
I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.
She explains.
When Pepperberg began her research with Alex, very few scientists acknowledge that animals were capable of thought.
The general belief was that animals reacted to things in their environment, but lacked the ability to think or feel.
Paragraph B
How then could a scientist demonstrate that animals might in fact possess intelligence?
That's why I started my studies with Alex, Pepperberg says.
Certain skills are considered key signs of higher mental abilities, a good memory, an understanding of symbols, self-awareness, understanding of others' motives and creativity.
Paragraph C
Little by little, researchers have documented these abilities in other species.
Sheep and elephants can recognize faces. chimpanzees who are genetically similar to humans use a variety of primitive tools for eating, drinking and hunting.
They also laugh when pleased and spit to show they dislike something.
Octopuses in captivity are known to amuse themselves by shooting water at laboratory staff.
They may even exhibit basic emotions by changing color.
Alex, the parrot, was a surprisingly good talker.
He learned how to use his voice to imitate almost 100 English words, including those for foods, colors, shapes and numbers.
Paragraph D
Although imitation was once considered a simple skill, in recent years scientists have revealed that it's an extremely difficult ability.
Because Alex had mastered many English words, Pepperberg could ask him questions about a bird's basic understanding of the world.
Alex could count, as well as describe shapes, colors and sizes for Pepperberg.
He even had an elementary understanding of the abstract concept of zero.
Paragraph E
Many of Alex's cognitive skills, such as his ability to understand the concepts of same and different, are generally attributed only to higher mammals, particularly primates such as humans and apes.
But parrots like great apes and humans live a long time in complex societies.
And like primates, these birds must monitor the changing relationships within the group.
This may explain Alex's ability to learn a human language.
Paragraph F
When we take parrots into captivity, what they start to do is treat us as their flock, explains Pepperberg.
Parrots learn to pronounce and use our words so they can become a part of our group.
Researchers in Germany and Austria have also been studying language ability in dogs.
One named Betsy has shown that she is able to learn and remember words as quickly as a two-year-old child.
She has a vocabulary of over 340 words, knows at least 15 people by name, and can link photographs with the objects they represent.
Like Alex, she's pretty smart.
Paragraph G
This is the larger lesson of animal cognition research.
We are not alone in our ability to invent, communicate, demonstrate emotions, or think about ourselves.
Still, humans remain the creative species.
No other animal has built cities, creative music, or made a computer.
In fact, a number of critics dismiss animals' ability to use tools or understand human language.
They believe animals are just copying human behavior.
Paragraph H
Yet many researchers say that creativity and language in animals, like other forms of intelligence, have evolved.
People were surprised to discover that chimpanzees make tools, says Alex Casselnik, an animal researcher at Oxford University.
But people also thought, well, they share our ancestry, of course, their smart.
Now we're finding these kinds of behaviors in some species of birds, but we don't have a recently shared ancestry with birds.
It means that evolution can invent similar forms of advanced intelligence more than once, that it's not something reserved only for primates or mammals.
📝 课文精读与官方理解题库 (Reading Comprehension & Skills)
得分: 0 / 19 题
🎯 预习练习完成进度
0%
📘 Part A: Multiple Choice (理解选择题)
🐾 Part B: Animal Insights (动物心智事实推断)
🔍 Reading Skill A: Synonyms (同义词精准配对)
🔎 Reading Skill B: Lexical Cohesion (总分指代关系)
📘 Reading Comprehension · Part A 多项选择题 (Page 164)
5 题 · 官方单选
P164 Gist · Q1
1. What is the reading mainly about?
P164 Detail · Q2
2. Which of these is NOT one of the five skills of intelligence mentioned in paragraph C?
P164 Detail · Q3
3. What was special about Alex’s understanding of zero? (paragraph D)
P164 Vocabulary · Q4
4. In paragraph D, what is the meaning of the word grasp?
P164 Detail · Q5
5. What did Alex say to Pepperberg when she returned from a trip? (paragraph E)
🐾 Reading Comprehension · Part B 动物心智事实甄别 (Page 164)
5 题 · 官方 Yes / No 推断
P164 Yes / No · Statement 1
6. 1. Irene Pepperberg had tested her theory before buying Alex. (paragraph B)
P164 Yes / No · Statement 2
7. 2. Chimpanzees have some of the same emotional reactions as humans do. (paragraph C)
P164 Yes / No · Statement 3
8. 3. Alex accepted Pepperberg as part of his flock. (paragraph E)
P164 Yes / No · Statement 4
9. 4. Betsy the dog learned words in the same order as a two-year-old. (paragraph F)
P164 Yes / No · Statement 5
10. 5. Parrots such as Alex can think creatively. (paragraph H)
🔍 Reading Skill · Part A Synonyms 同义词精准甄别 (Page 165)
5 题 · 官方同义词配对
P165 Reading Skill A · 1
11. Which word is an exact synonym for actions?
P165 Reading Skill A · 2
12. Which word is an exact synonym for basic?
P165 Reading Skill A · 3
13. Which word is an exact synonym for communicate?
P165 Reading Skill A · 4
14. Which word is an exact synonym for create?
P165 Reading Skill A · 5
15. Which word is an exact synonym for exhibit?
🔎 Reading Skill · Part B Lexical Cohesion 总括词与特例分析 (Page 165)
4 题 · 官方总分语篇衔接
P165 Reading Skill B · 1
16. In: "...documented these abilities in other species. Sheep and elephants can recognize faces." What is the general term and its specific example?
P165 Reading Skill B · 2
17. In: "...particularly primates such as humans and apes." What is the general term and its specific examples?
P165 Reading Skill B · 3
18. In: "...humans remain the creative species." What is the general term and its specific example?
P165 Reading Skill B · 4
19. In: "...creativity and language in animals, like other forms of intelligence, have evolved." What is the general term and its specific examples?
📘 核心词汇矩阵与跟读打卡
abstract
0
/ˈæbstrækt/
adj.
Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
acknowledge
0
/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/
v.
To accept or admit the existence or truth of something.
dismiss
0
/dɪsˈmɪs/
v.
To decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering.
imitate
0
/ˈɪmɪteɪt/
v.
To copy someone's speech, behavior, or actions.
master
0
/ˈmæstər/
v./n.
To acquire complete knowledge or skill in a subject or technique.
motive
0
/ˈmoʊtɪv/
n.
A reason for doing something, especially one that is hidden.
possess
0
/pəˈzes/
v.
To have, own, or belong to something; hold a quality.
primitive
0
/ˈprɪmətɪv/
adj.
Relating to an early stage in the evolutionary development.
pronounce
0
/prəˈnaʊns/
v.
To make the sound of a word or letter in a particular way.
theory
0
/ˈθiːəri/
n.
A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something.
📝 Vocabulary Practice 全套官方练习 (Page 166)
得分: 0 / 13 题
🎯 复习练习完成进度
0%
📘 Part A: Chimpanzee Tools (黑猩猩工具制造语境填空)
📑 Part B: Mind Definitions (核心词义精辨)
🌱 Part C: Root nounce (词根派生词族)
📘 Part A · Chimpanzee Tools 语境填空 (Page 166)
4 题 · 官方段落填空
P166 Part A · Q1
1. Chimpanzees seem to have 1. ________ the art of basic tool-making.
P166 Part A · Q2
2. ...before using it as a(n) 2. ________ tool for killing a bush baby.
P166 Part A · Q3
3. Some researchers 3. ________ the significance of these findings.
P166 Part A · Q4
4. Craig Stanford, for example, 4. ________ that the behavior is fascinating but suggests...
📑 Part B · Core Definitions 核心词义精辨 (Page 166)
6 题 · 官方释义甄选
P166 Part B · 1. possess
5. To ________ something means to have or own it.
P166 Part B · 2. imitate
6. If you ________ someone, you copy what they do.
P166 Part B · 3. pronounce
7. To ________ a word means to say it using particular sounds.
P166 Part B · 4. motive
8. Your ________ for doing something is your reason for doing it.
P166 Part B · 5. abstract
9. If something is ________, it’s an idea rather than an actual object.
P166 Part B · 6. theory
10. A ________ is an idea that scientists test to see if it’s true.
🌱 Part C · Root nounce (say / call) 词根派生拓展 (Page 166)
3 题 · 官方词根辨析
P166 Part C · 1
11. In June 2018, FIFA ________ that the co-hosts of the 2026 World Cup will be Canada, Mexico, and the US.
P166 Part C · 2
12. All political leaders must ________ the use of violence by their supporters.
P166 Part C · 3
13. British place names such as Norwich, Edinburgh, and Leicester can be hard to ________ correctly.
Unit 10B · 恭喜完成全课研学！
Reading Explorer 3 · All in the Mind (Inside Animal Minds)
0 / 19
预习理解得分
0 / 13
复习练习得分
0 / 32
单元总得分
0%
综合正确率
“Animals understand more than we think. From Alex’s language to chimps’ toolmaking, intelligence exists across a brilliant continuum of life.”