🪄 9A 词汇表
conclude
/kənˈkluːd/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To decide something after looking at all the evidence or facts.
推断出，下结论，结束
💬 课本原句例句
Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25.
神经科学研究人员得出明确结论：极限运动爱好者的脑部多巴胺奖赏回路与普通人存在明显生理差异。
deal with
/diːl wɪð/
phr.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To take action in order to solve a problem or achieve a goal.
应对，处理，应付
💬 课本原句例句
Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers knows how difficult the adolescent years can be.
高空扁带运动员必须学会以极其冷静的心态应对突如其来的强烈侧风与剧烈绳索晃动。
excitement
/ɪkˈsaɪt.mənt/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A feeling of being very happy, enthusiastic, and eager.
兴奋，激动
💬 课本原句例句
Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
从千米高空纵身跃下时所释放出的强烈肾上腺素冲动，带来了令跳伞极限爱好者痴迷不已的非凡兴奋感。
go through
/ɡəʊ θruː/
phr.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To experience a difficult or unpleasant situation or process.
经历，经受（困难考验）
💬 课本原句例句
Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up.” During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded.
在成功登顶世界最高峰之前，每一位无氧攀登者都必须经受长达数周的高原严寒缺氧极度折磨。
intense
/ɪnˈtens/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Extreme and forceful or feeling very strongly.
强烈的，剧烈的，高强度的
💬 课本原句例句
As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people.
在高速俯冲穿越狭窄岩壁缝隙的数秒之间，翼装飞行员必须保持极其高度集中的全神贯注。
pleasure
/ˈpleʒ.ər/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A feeling of happy satisfaction and enjoyment.
乐趣，愉悦，欣喜
💬 课本原句例句
Unit 9A 131 THE TEENAGE BRAIN Pleasure Seekers The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways.
在历经艰险成功征服凶险巨浪并安全返回沙滩后，冲浪者心头涌起的是难以言表的纯粹成就与愉悦感。
realize
/ˈrɪə.laɪz/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To understand a situation, sometimes suddenly.
意识到，认识到，实现
💬 课本原句例句
Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize that our peers may one day control the world we live in.
当安全绳索突然发生滑脱的那一刹那，攀岩高手瞬间清晰地意识到了死神距离自己是如此切近。
reward
/rɪˈwɔːd/
n./v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Something given in exchange for good behavior or work, or that brings satisfaction.
回报，奖励；奖赏
💬 课本原句例句
One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward.
对于不惜冒着生命危险探索极限地带的冒险家而言，领略大自然绝美秘境便是对他们最大的奖赏。
risk
/rɪsk/
n./v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The possibility of something bad happening.
风险，危险；冒...的险
💬 课本原句例句
Unit 9A 131 THE TEENAGE BRAIN Pleasure Seekers The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways.
即便制定了极其周全精密的应急预案，在毫无防护的前提下徒手攀爬万丈悬崖依然伴随着巨大的致命风险。
upgrade
/ʌpˈɡreɪd/
v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To improve the quality or usefulness of something, or get a better version.
升级，改进，提升
💬 课本原句例句
Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up.” During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded.
专业高空探险者每年都会积极升级自身携带的安全防护装备与卫星紧急定位通讯装置。
📖 课文原文 · The Teenage Brain
Paragraph A
Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers knows how difficult the adolescent years can be.
Adolescents have always been known to do wild—even dangerous—things.
This was thought to be due to the foolishness of youth.
Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before.
Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.
Paragraph B · A Work in Progress
A Work in Progress
Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed.
Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up.”
During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded.
This “upgrade” was once thought to be finished by about age 12.
Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25.
Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses with the need to follow rules.
However, a still-developing brain does this clumsily.
The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.
Paragraph C · Pleasure Seekers
Pleasure Seekers
The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways.
Fortunately, the news isn’t all negative.
As brain scientist B. J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.
Paragraph D
One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward.
Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would.
Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
Paragraph E
Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding.
As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people.
Scientists suggest this is because as teens, we begin to realize that our peers may one day control the world we live in.
Because it is still developing, a teen brain can change to deal with new situations.
It therefore connects social rewards with even more pleasure.
In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life.
Paragraph F
Unfortunately, this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions.
However, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent.
The scientists’ findings suggest that in the long run, the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own lives successfully.
📌 课本原版注释 (Footnotes):
1: Foolishness refers to the behavior of someone who makes bad decisions. (愚蠢鲁莽指某人做出糟糕决定的行为。)
2: If something is done clumsily, it is done in an awkward or uncontrolled way. (笨拙迟缓指以尴尬或缺乏控制的方式行事。)
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Before You Read · p.134
A. Match each brain term with its definition.
neuron · brain-imaging · prefrontal cortex
neuron · brain-imaging · prefrontal cortex
1. prefrontal cortex
2. neuron
3. brain-imaging
B. At what age do you think the human brain finishes developing?
Reading Comprehension · p.138
A. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the main finding discussed in Reading A?
2. According to paragraph B, when is the human brain roughly at its full physical size?
3. Why are teenagers more prone to risk-taking behavior?
4. According to paragraph D, how does the brain adapt during adolescence?
5. What advice do neuroscientists offer regarding teenage behavior?
B. Complete the summary notes using words from the passage.
1. New technology used: ______ technology (paragraph B)
2. Brain reaches full size by age: ______ (paragraph B)
3. Brain continues to rewire until age: ______ (paragraph B)
4. Part of brain that develops last: ______ cortex (paragraph C)
Reading Skill · p.139
Reading Skill Strategy
Identifying Levels of Certainty (Hedging)
Scientists use careful language to show certainty: High certainty (discovered, concluded, proved) vs Low certainty / Hedging (claim, suggest, believe, may).
A & B. Identify the certainty level of each scientific statement.
1. “Scientists discovered that brains continue changing until age 25.”
2. “Some researchers claim that risk-taking has an evolutionary benefit.”
3. “Brain scans confirm that synaptic pruning occurs in adolescence.”
Critical Thinking · Adolescent Potential. Since the adolescent brain is uniquely flexible and adaptive, what is the best way for young people to spend their time?
📘 9A 核心词汇
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推断出，下结论，结束跟读 0 次
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应对，处理，应付跟读 0 次
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回报，奖励；奖赏跟读 0 次
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升级，改进，提升得分: 0
Vocabulary Practice A · p.140
Complete the sentences using words from the box.
deal with · realize · rewards · risk
deal with · realize · rewards · risk
1. Teenagers are often more willing to take a ______ in front of peers.
2. Many young adults do not ______ how fast their brains are adapting.
3. The adolescent brain responds powerfully to immediate social ______.
4. Learning how to ______ stress is an important life skill.
Vocabulary Practice B · Definitions
Choose the correct meaning of each bold word.
1. To mature means to ______.
2. A biological function is an organ’s ______.
3. Adolescence is the transition from ______.
Vocabulary Practice C · Word Families
Complete with the noun or adjective form.
1. adolescent (adj) → ______ (period of life)
2. mature (adj) → ______ (state of being mature)
🏆 Reading Explorer 2 · 9A 荣誉通关证书
The Teenage Brain (青少年的大脑)
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