🪄 9B 词汇表
admit
/ədˈmɪt/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To agree that something is true, especially unwillingly.
承认，供认
💬 课本原句例句
They had both been sheriffs, enjoyed making things with wood, suffered severe headaches, and admitted to leaving love notes around the house for their wives.
在对比了大量长期分开抚养的同卵双胞胎案例后，即便是最固执的怀疑论者也不得不承认基因的惊人力量。
adopt
/əˈdɒpt/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To legally take another person's child into your own family and raise them as your own.
领养，收养；采纳
💬 课本原句例句
The Jim Twins Identical twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted as babies and raised by different couples.
这对刚出生不久便被两个不同家庭分别领养的双胞胎姐妹，直到成年之后才得知彼此的存在。
boundary
/ˈbaʊn.dər.i/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something.
边界，分界线
💬 课本原句例句
But scientists are now discovering that the boundaries between genetics and environment are not so clear after all.
遗传学专家一直在努力探索先天基因指令与后天家庭环境塑造之间究竟存在着怎样的清晰边界。
coincidence
/kəʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
An occasion when two or more things happen at the same time by chance, in a surprising way.
巧合，巧事
💬 课本原句例句
They had so much in common that it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences.
失散四十年后重逢的双胞胎兄弟居然开着同款同色汽车，连养的爱犬名字都完全一致，绝非一句巧合能解释。
colleague
/ˈkɒl.iːɡ/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
One of a group of people who work together.
同事，同僚
💬 课本原句例句
invited the Jim twins to his lab, his colleagues found it very hard to tell them apart.
明尼苏达大学的双胞胎研究学者与全球多国同行同事们展开了长期深入的跨国合作追踪。
divorce
/dɪˈvɔːs/
n./v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
An official or legal process to end a marriage.
离婚，脱离
💬 课本原句例句
They had both married women named Linda, and then divorced them.
统计调查数据显示，同卵双胞胎在婚姻生活性格契合度乃至离婚倾向方面呈现出惊人的高度相关性。
genetic
/dʒəˈnet.ɪk/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Belonging or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or genetics.
遗传的，基因的
💬 课本原句例句
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic, while their personalities, intelligence, and other differences between them are an effect of their environment.
因为同卵双胞胎共享着百分之百完全相同的遗传密码，他们成为了科学家破解生命奥秘的最佳研究对象。
raise
/reɪz/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To take care of a person or animal until they are completely grown.
抚养，养育，抚养成人
💬 课本原句例句
The Jim Twins Identical twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted as babies and raised by different couples.
尽管这两名双胞胎在完全不同的文化环境与家庭背景中被抚育长大，他们的言谈举止却如同一个模子刻出来。
severe
/sɪˈvɪər/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, or damage; very serious.
严峻的，极其严重的
💬 课本原句例句
They had both been sheriffs, enjoyed making things with wood, suffered severe headaches, and admitted to leaving love notes around the house for their wives.
当双胞胎其中一人遭受某种严重遗传疾病的困扰时，另一人的患病概率往往也会显著增高。
tell apart
/tel əˈpɑːt/
phr.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To recognize the difference between two people or things; distinguish.
区分，辨别，分清
💬 课本原句例句
When psychologist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, his colleagues found it very hard to tell them apart.
这对同卵双胞胎不仅相貌外形如出一辙，连说话嗓音和笑声频率都让朝夕相处的亲生父母难以区分辨识。
📖 课文原文 · Seeing Double
Paragraph A
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic, while their personalities, intelligence, and other differences between them are an effect of their environment.
But scientists are now discovering that the boundaries between genetics and environment are not so clear after all.
Paragraph B · The Jim Twins
The Jim Twins
Identical twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted as babies and raised by different couples.
When the two Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common.
Both were 182 centimeters tall and weighed 82 kilograms.
They had the same smile and the same voice.
When psychologist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, his colleagues found it very hard to tell them apart.
Paragraph C
But the similarities didn’t stop at the physical.
They had both had dogs named Toy.
They had both married women named Linda, and then divorced them.
They had both been sheriffs, enjoyed making things with wood, suffered severe headaches, and admitted to leaving love notes around the house for their wives.
They had so much in common that it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences.
Paragraph D · Genetics and Intelligence
Genetics and Intelligence
The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins Bouchard tested.
When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion.
They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genetics rather than to training or education.
It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.
Paragraph E
However, genes can’t control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins.
Reed’s research shows that, though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves.
This can make even identical twins into vastly different people.
“What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,” she explains.
“Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But things written in pencil you can.”
📌 课本原版注释 (Footnotes):
1: A sheriff is a kind of police officer. (治安官/警长是执法警察的一种。)
2: Mother Nature is sometimes used to refer to nature, especially when it is being considered as a force that affects human beings. (大自然母亲常用于拟人化地指代自然界及其对人类的影响力。)
得分: 0
Before You Read · p.141
A. Complete the definitions using words from the box.
genes · identical · in common · IQ
genes · identical · in common · IQ
1. If two people share traits, they have them ______.
2. A test measuring intellectual ability produces an ______ score.
3. Twins developed from a single fertilized egg are ______ twins.
4. Biological instructions inherited from parents are ______.
B. The famous “Jim Twins” were separated at birth and reunited at age 39. What astonishing similarities did they discover?
Reading Comprehension · p.144
A. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the primary focus of twin studies in genetics?
2. According to paragraph A, what did researchers find when comparing identical twins raised apart?
3. How do fraternal twins differ genetically from identical twins?
4. What does research suggest about intelligence (IQ)?
5. What is the main conclusion of the Minnesota Twin Family Study?
B. Match each twin finding with the trait it influences.
1. Shared mannerisms and hand gestures
2. Similar scores on cognitive ability tests
3. Susceptibility to heart disease and diabetes
4. Levels of extroversion and openness
5. Unusual preferences like nail-biting
Reading Skill · p.145
Reading Skill Strategy
Evaluating Claims about Nature vs. Nurture
Distinguish between genetic predetermination and environmental influences. Look at how studies separate biological heredity from upbringing.
A. Are these claims supported by twin research? (Yes / No)
1. Identical twins share 100% of their DNA.
2. Environment has zero influence on identical twins.
3. Separated twins often share subtle mannerisms.
Critical Thinking · Nature vs. Nurture. Which do you believe shapes a person more: the genes they inherit, or the family and culture they grow up in?
📘 9B 核心词汇
点击发音跟读，展开中文释义检查记忆。
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中文释义
承认，供认跟读 0 次
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领养，收养；采纳跟读 0 次
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边界，分界线跟读 0 次
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巧合，巧事跟读 0 次
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同事，同僚跟读 0 次
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离婚，脱离跟读 0 次
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遗传的，基因的跟读 0 次
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抚养，养育，抚养成人跟读 0 次
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严峻的，极其严重的跟读 0 次
中文释义
区分，辨别，分清得分: 0
Vocabulary Practice A · p.146
Complete the sentences using words from the box.
admitted · adopted · apart
admitted · adopted · apart
1. The twin brothers were ______ by two different families at birth.
2. They lived hundreds of miles ______ for nearly four decades.
3. Both men ______ that meeting each other was like looking in a mirror.
Vocabulary Practice B · Words in Context
Choose the correct meaning.
1. Your biological relatives are ______.
2. Identical twins share ______ physical traits.
3. To inherit a condition means it comes from ______.
Vocabulary Practice C · Collocations with “hereditary”
Complete the phrases using words from the box.
condition · illness · trait
condition · illness · trait
1. a hereditary ______ (medical sickness passed down)
2. a hereditary ______ (physical feature inherited)
3. a hereditary ______ (chronic genetic state)
🏆 Reading Explorer 2 · 9B 荣誉通关证书
Seeing Double (双胞胎之谜)
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