RE5 Unit 4B · RISING SEAS (海平面上升)

Reading 4B · RISING SEAS (海平面上升)

点击任意句子开始点听与口语录音练习。全球冰盖融化与风暴潮肆虐，纽约与全球海岸城市如何借鉴荷兰经验，向水而生？

Title & Part 1

Reading, 4B, Rising Seas. As the planet warms, the sea rises and coastlines flood, how will

阅读 4B：海平面上升。随着全球变暖、海平面攀升与海岸泛滥，人类该如何直面海平面的迫切威胁？世纪风暴：当飓风“桑迪”于2012年10月29日转向袭向美国东北海岸时，它已经在加勒比海多个国家造成严重破坏并夺走数十条生命。

we face the danger of rising seas? Storm of the Century. By the time Hurricane

Sandy veered toward the northeast coast of the United States on October 29, 2012, it

had mauled several countries in the Caribbean and left dozens dead. Faced with

Paragraph A

the largest storm the Atlantic had ever produced, New York and other cities ordered

面对大西洋有史以来酝酿的最大风暴，纽约及周边沿海城市下达了低洼地带的强制疏散令。随着地铁全面停运，两百多万通勤族不得不设法寻找替代交通方式。当“桑迪”在靠近新泽西州大西洋城附近狂暴登陆时，在纽约港掀起了创纪录的4.3米风暴潮。

mandatory evacuations of low-lying areas, but not everyone complied. Those who chose

to ride out Sandy got a preview of the future in which a warmer world will lead

to rising seas. Brandon D'Lio, a sculptor and surfer, rented a second floor

apartment across the street from the beach on New York City's Rockaway Peninsula. At

Paragraph B

nine kilometer long boardwalk. A short time later D'Lio and a neighbor were

海水漫过防浪墙，奔腾灌入地铁隧道、下穿立交桥和地下配电室。44名纽约市民不幸丧生，该地区的经济损失突破600亿美元。“桑迪”敲响了振聋发聩的警钟：世界上最现代化的沿海都会在汹涌海潮面前竟如此不堪一击。

watching the sea through the glass door of his living room when his neighbor saw

something alarming. I think the boardwalk just moved, she said. Within minutes

another surge of water lifted the boardwalk and it began to break apart. Three

large sections of the boardwalk smashed against two pine trees in front of D'Lio's

Paragraph C

the storm D'Lio said, I have six surfboards in my apartment and I was thinking,

海岸危局：这一脆弱性根源于两大加速因素：海水因温度上升而产生的热膨胀，以及格陵兰岛与南极大陆冰原的急剧融化。在20世纪，全球海平面平均上升了约20厘米。而今天，严谨的科学预测警告称，到2100年海平面可能会进一步攀升1米甚至更多。

if anything comes through that wall I'll try to get everyone on those boards and

try to get up the block. After a difficult night's sleep D'Lio went outside and saw

that while the water had retreated, thigh deep pools still filled parts of some

streets. Everything was covered with sand, he said. It looked like another planet.

Paragraph D

Coastlines at risk. By the end of the century, a hundred year storm surge like

向内陆撤退：哥伦比亚大学地球物理学家克劳斯·雅各布指出，倘若缺乏前所未有的工程基建投资，曼哈顿下城和布鲁克林南部部分区域最终将不得不被动让位给大西洋。地质学家哈罗德·万利斯警告说：“除非我们彻底改变发展轨迹，否则人类的碳排放将在下世纪甚至更早之前剧烈重塑海岸地貌。”

sandies might occur every decade with coastal cities like New York now facing a

double threat, rising oceans and more severe storm surges. By 2070, experts

estimate 150 million people and $35 trillion in property in the world's

large port cities will be at risk from coastal flooding. How will the city's

Paragraph E

that storm surge barriers must be built across New York City's harbor. Compared

荷兰经验：世界上没有任何一个国家比荷兰更懂得海岸防卫。全国有超过四分之一的国土低于海平面，荷兰人在1953年经历了一场夺走1800多条生命的灾难性特大洪灾。痛定思痛后，荷兰耗费半个世纪修建了“三角洲工程”（Delta Works）——一个由堤坝、水闸、船闸和活动风暴潮屏障构成的固若金汤的防护网。

with some other leading ports, New York is essentially defenseless in the face

of hurricanes and floods. London, Rotterdam, St. Petersburg, New Orleans and

Shanghai have all built levees and storm barriers in the past few decades. When

high price for not having such protection. The storm left 43 dead and cost the city

Paragraph F

prevented it. He says, it might take five years of study and another ten years to

如今，荷兰的水资源管理正在从单纯的“抗水”演变为“还地于水”（给河流留出空间）。他们开辟泄洪区、修复天然湿地，并大胆尝试两栖建筑。在鹿特丹，建筑师建造了“水上漂浮展馆”——一座由太阳能供电的测地穹顶建筑，能够随着港口潮汐起伏自然升降，向世人展示了未来水上生态宜居都会的全新蓝图。

get the political will to do it. By then there might have been another disaster. We

need to start planning immediately. Mayor Michael Bloomberg outlined a 19.5

billion dollar plan to defend New York City against rising seas. His proposal

called for the construction of levees, local storm surge barriers, sand dunes and

more than 200 other measures. It went far beyond anything planned by any other

💡 4B Critical Thinking · 审辩思维与方案评估 (P.90)

Evaluating Solutions · 假如你是纽约市长

Scenario: Imagine you are the Mayor of New York City. How would you prevent another catastrophic sea surge like Hurricane Sandy?

Candidate Engineering Options:

Create a localized series of dams, dikes, and levees.
Invest in floating buildings and amphibious architecture (Dutch Model).
Build a massive offshore storm-surge barrier across the harbor entrance.
Increase the height of current seawalls and bulkheads.
Move at-risk communities and infrastructure away from the coast (Managed Retreat).
Build a chain of barrier islands and coastal wetlands to absorb wave energy.

Teacher's Guide · 教师用书权衡策略视角

I would try to prevent another catastrophic sea surge by deploying targeted localized measures to help each neighborhood, such as neighborhood sea gates and wetland restoration. Massive storm-surge barriers and barrier island chains are extraordinarily costly and may take decades to build, whereas adaptable flood defenses offer immediate resilience.

📝 4B 预习全真练习 (Preview Exercises)

Reading Comprehension Part A (P.89) Reading Comprehension Part B: Purpose Matching (P.90) Reading Skill: Evaluating Arguments & Critical Reading (P.91)

预习练习得分: 0 / 21 题

Reading Comprehension Part A: Multiple Choice (P.89)

READING COMPREHENSION · 事实细节

1. What record was set in New York Harbor when Hurricane Sandy struck in October 2012?

READING COMPREHENSION · 事实细节

2. According to Paragraph A, what immediate action was taken by municipal leaders before Sandy made landfall?

READING COMPREHENSION · 原因探究

3. What two primary physical mechanisms drive rising global sea levels?

READING COMPREHENSION · 信息图表探究

4. Which coastal metropolis is highlighted as having up to $3 trillion in assets at extreme risk from rising seas?

READING COMPREHENSION · 语气与态度

5. What is the author's primary tone regarding future coastal security in Paragraph J?

READING COMPREHENSION · 事实细节

6. What is the architectural purpose of Rotterdam's Floating Pavilion?

READING COMPREHENSION · 段落主旨

7. What is the central purpose of the historical section discussing the 1953 Dutch flood on page 88?

Reading Comprehension Part B: Paragraph Purpose Matching (P.90)