🪄 3B 核心词汇表 (Target Vocabulary)
01
investment
n.
B2
/ɪnˈvestmənt/
释义 Definition
the act of putting money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result
投资，投入，资本投入
课文例句 Example
“With the aid of the UN, local communities are making investments in better freshwater and sanitation facilities.”
02
instability
n.
C1
/ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/
释义 Definition
uncertainty caused by the possibility of a sudden change or danger; lack of stability
不稳定，动荡，脆弱
课文例句 Example
“Wracked by years of political instability and conflict, the country's public infrastructure was left in ruins.”
03
initiative
n.
B2
/ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/
释义 Definition
a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem; the ability to make decisions independently
倡议，新方案，主动权
课文例句 Example
“In 2017, the Gates Foundation launched Goalkeepers, an initiative to spur action and track progress toward UN goals.”
04
productive
adj.
B2
/prəˈdʌktɪv/
释义 Definition
resulting in or doing a large amount of good work or useful results
富有成效的，多产的，高效率的
课文例句 Example
“Now that clean water is accessible nearby, students can spend their valuable hours on more productive educational tasks.”
05
outlier
n.
C2
/ˈaʊtlaɪər/
释义 Definition
a person, thing, or fact that is very different from others in the same group or statistical sample
异常值，离群点，格外与众不同的人或事
课文例句 Example
“The successful well in Masorie is not an isolated outlier—access to safe drinking water has nearly doubled nationwide.”
06
accountable
adj.
C1
/əˈkaʊntəbl/
释义 Definition
someone who is accountable is completely responsible for what they do and must be able to give a satisfactory reason for it
负责任的，负有解释义务的
课文例句 Example
“We want to make sure that we hold world leaders and institutions accountable for that progress.”
07
initially
adv.
B2
/ɪˈnɪʃəli/
释义 Definition
at the beginning of a process, situation, or period of time
最初，起初，在开端
课文例句 Example
“Initially, many skeptics doubted whether extremely impoverished nations could meet ambitious development benchmarks.”
08
intervention
n.
C1
/ˌɪntərˈvenʃn/
释义 Definition
the act of becoming involved in an intentional way in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
干预，介入，调解措施
课文例句 Example
“Targeted health interventions—such as distributing bed nets and vaccines—have saved millions of vulnerable lives.”
09
innovation
n.
B2
/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/
释义 Definition
a new idea or method, or the use of new ideas and methods
创新，革新，新事物
课文例句 Example
“Agricultural innovations, including drought-resistant seeds, have allowed smallholder farmers to boost crop yields.”
10
dynamics
n.
C1
/daɪˈnæmɪks/
释义 Definition
forces that produce change or that determine how people or things interact within a system
动态，相互作用的动力，驱动机制
课文例句 Example
“Understanding demographic dynamics is essential for designing effective poverty alleviation programs across Sub-Saharan Africa.”
Reading 3B: Goalkeepers for the Planet · 课文互动精读
💭 Before You Read · 课前探讨与目标设定 (P.62)
UN Sustainable Development Goals: In 2015, the UN established 17 goals ranging from ending poverty to climate action. Why is public accountability crucial to achieving these ambitious targets?
Teacher's Guide · 核心素养与参考思路
Without transparent annual data tracking and civic engagement, political promises easily dissipate into unfulfilled declarations.
Paragraph A
Adopting the 2030 Sustainable Goals (确立2030全球发展目标)
1
In 2015, at the United Nations, world leaders adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals aimed at reducing poverty, inequality, and other global problems by 2030.
2
Such objectives have long been championed by philanthropists Bill and Melinda Gates.
Paragraph B
The Goalkeepers Initiative (守门人行动倡议的成立)
1
In 2017, the Gates Foundation launched Goalkeepers, an initiative to spur action and track progress toward the UN goals.
2
Its 2018 status report says there have been mind-blowing improvements in the human condition.
3
The report also calls for renewed commitment to sustain these fragile gains.
Paragraph C
Demographic Shifts in Africa (非洲人口结构与青年浪潮)
1
The report highlights dramatic demographic shifts across the globe.
2
As the century moves forward, over half the world's young people will live in Sub-Saharan Africa.
3
This immense youth bulge presents both extraordinary economic potential and severe humanitarian challenges.
Paragraph D
Triumphs in Unlikely Places (贫困国家的飞跃式突破)
1
Bill Gates points out that astonishing progress is occurring even in extremely impoverished nations.
2
Countries like Ethiopia and Rwanda have drastically curtailed child mortality through community health networks.
3
They have absorbed lessons from across the globe and applied targeted interventions effectively.
Paragraph E
Phenomenal Drops in Global Poverty (全球极度贫困率的断崖式下降)
1
Around the world, the percentage of people living in extreme poverty has fallen phenomenally since 1990.
2
Billions of people have emerged from destitution, particularly across East Asia and South Asia.
3
However, poverty reduction is progressing more slowly in conflict-torn regions.
Paragraph F
Investing in Human Capital (投资于人力资本与基础教育)
1
Gates argues that governments must focus relentlessly on human capital.
2
It is not merely enough to build school buildings or get kids through classroom doors.
3
Countries must focus on high-quality teacher training and providing modern, effective learning materials.
Paragraph G
The Stunting Epidemic (破解儿童发育迟缓之困)
1
Chronic childhood malnutrition causes physical stunting and permanently impairs cognitive brain development.
2
Improving maternal health and infant nutrition is fundamental to breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty.
Paragraph H
Holding Leaders Accountable (确保承诺兑现与透明问责)
1
Goalkeepers was designed to ensure that global promises do not fade into empty rhetoric.
2
By publishing open, verifiable data each year, citizens can hold politicians accountable for real outcomes.
📝 3B 预习全真练习 (Preview Exercises)
Reading Comprehension Part A (P.67)
Reading Comprehension Part B: T/F/NG (P.68)
Reading Skill: Making Inferences (P.69)
预习练习得分: 0 / 18 题
Reading Comprehension Part A (P.67)
GIST · 总体基调
1. The overall tone of the 2018 Goalkeepers status report was:
REFERENCE · 代词指代
2. In the third sentence of paragraph D, what does 'that' refer to?
DETAIL · 事实细节
3. Bill Gates indicates that there has been comprehensive, concurrent improvements in health, agriculture, and education in:
UNDERSTANDING INFOGRAPHICS · 图表解读
4. What does the global poverty infographic demonstrate regarding Sub-Saharan Africa?
VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT · 语境释义
5. The word 'phenomenally' in paragraph E is closest in meaning to:
DETAIL · 核心建议
6. According to Bill Gates, developing countries aiming to elevate their education systems should primarily focus on:
SYNTHESIZING · 深度归纳
7. Which of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is Bill Gates' foundation most fundamentally concerned with throughout the text?
Reading Comprehension Part B: T/F/NG (P.68)
SCANNING · 正误判断
Part B-1. 'The Goalkeepers report was produced directly by the United Nations.'
SCANNING · 正误判断
Part B-2. 'The stunting rate among malnourished children in Africa has decreased dramatically every single year since 2000.'
SCANNING · 正误判断
Part B-3. 'Nearly half of the world's young people currently reside in Africa right now.'
SCANNING · 正误判断
Part B-4. 'East Asia and Southeast Asia demonstrate higher student reading and math proficiency than the global average.'
SCANNING · 正误判断
Part B-5. 'Poverty across South Asia has increased noticeably since 2017.'
SCANNING · 正误判断
Part B-6. 'Math proficiency in Central and South Asia is substantially above the world average.'
SCANNING · 正误判断
Part B-7. 'The 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals are strictly ranked in descending order of human importance.'
Reading Skill: Making Inferences (P.69)
READING SKILL · 逻辑推断
1. What can be inferred about the UN's original targets established in 2015?
READING SKILL · 逻辑推断
2. Why does the report emphasize tracking verifiable data annually?
READING SKILL · 逻辑推断
3. The success of Ethiopia and Rwanda suggests that:
READING SKILL · 逻辑推断
4. What is the fundamental danger of ignoring chronic childhood stunting?
💡 Critical Thinking · 审辩思维与全球发展 (P.68)
Human Capital vs. Physical Infrastructure: Bill Gates argues that investments in human capital (health and education) yield higher long-term dividends than physical monuments. Do you agree?
Teacher's Guide · 参考视角与文本细读
Without healthy, educated minds capable of innovation, physical buildings and roads quickly fall into disrepair, as seen in fragile post-conflict zones.
📘 3B 核心词汇掌握打卡
请自主朗读并检测以下 10 个核心词汇，勾选已熟练掌握的单词：
investment
/ɪnˈvestmənt/
投资，投入，资本投入
instability
/ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/
不稳定，动荡，脆弱
initiative
/ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/
倡议，新方案，主动权
productive
/prəˈdʌktɪv/
富有成效的，多产的，高效率的
outlier
/ˈaʊtlaɪər/
异常值，离群点，格外与众不同的人或事
accountable
/əˈkaʊntəbl/
负责任的，负有解释义务的
initially
/ɪˈnɪʃəli/
最初，起初，在开端
intervention
/ˌɪntərˈvenʃn/
干预，介入，调解措施
innovation
/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/
创新，革新，新事物
dynamics
/daɪˈnæmɪks/
动态，相互作用的动力，驱动机制
📝 3B 词汇实战强化 (Vocabulary Practice)
复习练习得分: 0 / 13 题
Part A: Completion (P.70)
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 语境选词
1. With the aid of international organizations, communities are making large ________ in sanitation facilities.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 语境选词
2. Wracked by years of political ________ and civil conflict, the local infrastructure lay devastated.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 语境选词
3. A collaborative ________ between UNICEF and local villages repaired the vital water supply.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 语境选词
4. Relieved of daily water-fetching burdens, students could dedicate their time to ________ learning tasks.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 语境选词
5. This repaired freshwater well is not an isolated ________; clean water access has doubled nationwide.
Part B: Definitions (P.70)
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 词义释析
1. If you are ________ to someone for something, you are completely responsible for it.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 词义释析
2. The word ________ directly refers to the beginning of a process or circumstance.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 词义释析
3. A(n) ________ is an action taken to deliberately become involved in a situation to improve it.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 词义释析
4. A(n) ________ is a brand-new concept, device, or breakthrough method of doing something.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE · 词义释析
5. ________ are the complex, shifting forces that shape human relationships or system behavior.
Part C: Collocations (Initiative) (P.70)
COLLOCATIONS · 习语搭配
1. It's vital that citizens ________ and pressure municipal leaders to take swift action on the climate.
COLLOCATIONS · 习语搭配
2. The UN's Sustainable Development Goals are comprehensive ________ designed to elevate billions of lives.
COLLOCATIONS · 习语搭配
3. The sluggish pace of negotiations demonstrates ________ on both sides in resolving the water dispute.
🏆 Unit 3B 学习通关
完成全部阅读练习与词汇复习后，可打卡并解锁 Unit 3 拓展视频！
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