RE5 Unit 10 Video · BLACK HOLES (神秘的宇宙黑洞)

🎬 视频双语精读对照表 (Subtitle Script)

0:02

Black holes are among the most fascinating objects in our universe, and also the most mysterious.

黑洞无疑是浩瀚宇宙中最令人着迷而神秘莫测的天体之一。

0:13

A black hole is a region in space where the force of gravity is so strong, not even light,

黑洞是宇宙时空中强引力场极其极端的区域，

0:18

the fastest known entity in our universe can escape.

在那里引力强大到连宇宙中运行速度最快的光线都无法逃脱其魔爪。

0:22

The boundary of a black hole is called the event horizon, a point of no return,

黑洞那无法折返的绝对外边界被称为‘事件视界（Event Horizon）’，

0:27

beyond which we truly cannot see.

一旦越过这条界线，人类便再也无法窥见其内部的任何真相。

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When something crosses the event horizon, it collapses into the black hole's singularity,

任何物质一旦跌落穿过事件视界，都将被无情撕扯并坍缩塌陷，

0:36

an infinitely small, infinitely dense point where space, time, and the laws of physics no longer apply.

最终汇聚坍缩为一个体积无限小、密度无限大的奇点（Singularity），在那里时空结构无限弯曲，物理法则全部失效。

0:45

Scientists have theorized several different types of black holes,

天文学家在理论上预言并归纳了数种截然不同的黑洞形态，

0:49

with stellar and supermassive black holes being the most common.

其中恒星级黑洞（Stellar Black Holes）与超大质量黑洞（Supermassive Black Holes）最为常见。

0:53

Stellar black holes form when massive stars die and collapse.

当大质量恒星在生命终点燃尽核燃料发生剧烈超新星坍塌时，恒星级黑洞便应运而生，

0:58

There are roughly 10 to 20 times the mass of our sun and scattered throughout the universe.

其质量通常约为太阳质量的10到20倍左右，在我们银河系内部可能潜伏着数以千万计的此类黑洞。

1:04

There could be millions of these stellar black holes in the Milky Way alone.

而超大质量黑洞的质量则达到太阳的数百万甚至数十亿倍，

1:10

Supermassive black holes are giants by comparison, measuring millions, even billions of times more massive than our sun.

几乎每个大型成熟星系的引力核心腹地，都盘踞着一头这样的宇宙巨兽，

1:18

Scientists can only guess how they form, but we do know they exist at the center of just about every large galaxy, including our own.

例如我们银河系银心的超大质量黑洞‘人马座A*（Sagittarius A*）’。

1:28

Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, has a mass of roughly 4 million suns

在落入黑洞之前，周围被疯狂撕裂吞噬的气体尘埃以接近光速旋转，形成极度炽热的吸积盘（Accretion Disk），

1:35

and has a diameter about the distance between the Earth and our sun.

放射出照亮宇宙深空的剧烈X射线与相对论性高能喷流（Relativistic Jets）。

1:41

Because black holes are invisible, the only way for scientists to detect and study them is to observe their effect on nearby matter.

1971年，科学家首次在天鹅座X-1（Cygnus X-1）双星系统中发现了首个强有力的物理黑洞候选体。

1:49

This includes accretion disks, a disk of particles that form when gases and dust fall toward a black hole,

2019年，事件视界望远镜（EHT）跨国协作网更历史性地捕获了人类首张M87星系中心超大质量黑洞的真实影像。

1:56

and quasars, jets of particles that blast out of supermassive black holes.

爱因斯坦的广义相对论在黑洞边缘经受住了严苛的世纪检验，

2:03

Black holes remained largely unknown until the 20th century.

但量子力学与引力论在奇点处的剧烈冲突，依然是现代物理学皇冠上尚未攻克的终极谜题。

2:08

In 1916, using Einstein's general theory of relativity, a German physicist named Karl Schwarzchild calculated that any mass could become a black hole if it were compressed tightly enough.