🎯 目标词汇发音与释义 (Target Vocabulary)

abuse /əˈbjuːs/ n./v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The improper use of something, especially drugs or power.
滥用，虐待
💬 课本原句例句
Moreover, despite its nearly universal use, caffeine has rarely been abused.
医学专家不断敲响警钟，强调过量滥用高浓度能量饮料与咖啡因提取物可能对心脏机能造成不可逆损伤。
contradict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To say the opposite of a statement made by someone else.
反驳，与...相矛盾
💬 课本原句例句
This means having one or two small cups of coffee, about 300 milligrams of caffeine per day, for example, furthermore, a lot of current research contradicts the long-held negative beliefs about caffeine and suggests that it may, in fact, have health benefits.
近期公布的多项临床医学双盲实验结果，在相当程度上反驳了此前关于咖啡百害而无一利的片面定论。
exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To show, display, or manifest a quality, symptom, or feature.
表现出，展示；展品
💬 课本原句例句
Heavy caffeine uses Griffiths says, exhibit similar behaviours.
突然骤停咖啡因摄入的长期深度依赖者，通常会在24小时内表现出典型的戒断性剧烈偏头痛症状。
facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To make an action, process, or task easier or less difficult.
促进，使便利
💬 课本原句例句
In addition, as a type of mental stimulant, caffeine increases alertness, memory and reaction speed, because it fights fatigue, it facilitates performance on tasks like driving, flying and solving simple math problems.
咖啡因能够有效阻断大脑腺苷受体的结合，从而在短时间内促进神经中枢注意力与工作记忆的集中。
furthermore /ˌfɜːrdərˈmɔːr/ adv.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
In addition; moreover; besides.
此外，而且
💬 课本原句例句
This means having one or two small cups of coffee, about 300 milligrams of caffeine per day, for example, furthermore, a lot of current research contradicts the long-held negative beliefs about caffeine and suggests that it may, in fact, have health benefits.
适度饮用纯黑咖啡不仅有助于提升晨间代谢水平，此外，多项流行病学数据还显示其与更长寿存在正向关联。
mental /ˈmentl/ adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Relating to the mind, cognitive processes, or disorders.
精神的，心理的，智力的
💬 课本原句例句
Without adequate sleep, the typical eight hours, the human body will not function at its best, physically, mentally or emotionally.
在高压职业竞争环境下，保持良好的心理健康与稳定的情绪状态正成为日益受到重视的社会议题。
proof /pruːf/ n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement.
证据，证明
💬 课本原句例句
To date, however, there is no proof that caffeine actually causes these diseases.
尽管许多人坚信咖啡能显著增强脑力，但关于其能否延缓老年神经退行性疾病仍有待更严谨的科学证据。
reaction /riˈækʃn/ n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
An action performed or feeling experienced in response to a stimulus.
反应，感应
💬 课本原句例句
In addition, as a type of mental stimulant, caffeine increases alertness, memory and reaction speed, because it fights fatigue, it facilitates performance on tasks like driving, flying and solving simple math problems.
人体对中枢神经兴奋剂的生理反应速度因人而异，这主要由个体独特的肝脏代谢基因所决定。
specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A person who concentrates on and is an expert in a specific field.
专家，专科医生
💬 课本原句例句
With caffeine overused tends to stop itself, says Jack Bergman, a specialist at Harvard Medical School.
营养神经学领域的权威专科专家建议，日常咖啡因摄入量最好严格控制在每日400毫克安全上限以内。
temporary /ˈtempəreri/ adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent.
暂时的，临时的
💬 课本原句例句
And while it is true that caffeine can increase blood pressure, the effect is usually temporary, and therefore not likely to cause heart trouble.
浓咖啡所带来的精神提振感往往只是暂时的代偿假象，它并不能从根本上抵消严重睡眠不足对身体的损害。

📖 课文原文 · The World’s Favorite Drug

Paragraph A
11. Reading 6A, the world's favourite drug. It's 145 AM and 21-year-old Thomas Murphy is burning the midnight oil, studying for an important engineering exam he has it too in the afternoon later today. To stay awake and alert, he's had two cups of coffee in the last three hours, and is now downing a popular energy drink, one that has two to three times the amount of caffeine as a similar sized can of soda. Many students like Murphy, as well as marathon runners, airline pilots and long distance travelers, are there energy to one of humankind's oldest stimulants?
Paragraph B
Caffeine. The power to counter physical fatigue and increase alertness is part of the reason caffeine ranks as the world's most popular mood altering drug. It is found not only in voters, energy drinks, coffee and tea, but in diet pills, pain relievers, like aspirin and chocolate bars. Many societies around the world have also created entire rituals around the use of caffeine. For example, there's the cafe culture of France, the tea ceremony in Japan, and the morning cup of coffee or tea that marks the start of the day in many cultures. Caffeine is present in many of the foods and drinks we consume, but is it good for us? Charles Seisler, a scientist and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School, believes that caffeine causes us to lose sleep, which he says is unhealthy.
Paragraph C
Without adequate sleep, the typical eight hours, the human body will not function at its best, physically, mentally or emotionally. Too often, Seisler says, we consume caffeine to stay awake, which later makes it impossible for us to get the rest we need. Health risks have also been tied to caffeine consumption. Over the years, studies have attributed to high rates of certain types of cancer and bone disease to caffeine consumption. To date, however, there is no proof that caffeine actually causes these diseases. A number of scientists, including Roland Griffiths, a professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in the United States, believe that regular caffeine use causes physical dependence. Heavy caffeine uses Griffiths says, exhibit similar behaviours.
Paragraph D
For example, there moves fluctuate from high to low, they get mild to severe headaches, or they feel tired or sad when they can't have a caffeinated drink. To minimise or stop these feelings, users must consume caffeine, a behaviour Griffith says, is characteristic of drug addiction. Despite these concerns, the general opinion in the scientific community is that caffeine is not dangerous when consumed in moderation. This means having one or two small cups of coffee, about 300 milligrams of caffeine per day, for example, furthermore, a lot of current research contradicts the long-held negative beliefs about caffeine and suggests that it may, in fact, have health benefits. For instance, studies have shown that caffeine can help ease muscle pain,
Paragraph E
because it is a stimulant, caffeine can also help improve one's mood. Research has also shown that some caffeinated drinks, specifically certain teas, have disease-fighting chemicals that can help the body fight a number of illnesses, including certain types of cancer. In addition, as a type of mental stimulant, caffeine increases alertness, memory and reaction speed, because it fights fatigue, it facilitates performance on tasks like driving, flying and solving simple math problems. And while it is true that caffeine can increase blood pressure, the effect is usually temporary, and therefore not likely to cause heart trouble. This is especially true if caffeine is consumed in moderation. Moreover, despite its nearly universal use, caffeine has rarely been abused. With caffeine overused tends to stop itself, says Jack Bergman,
Paragraph F
a specialist at Harvard Medical School. If you consume too much, you get uncomfortable, and you don't want to continue. Caffeine's behavioral effects are real, but most often mild, getting that burst of energy, of course, is why many of the world's most popular drinks can caffeine. Whether it's a student drinking coffee before class, or a business person enjoying tea with lunch, human kind's favorite stimulant is at work every day all over the world.

📝 课文精读与官方理解题库 (Reading Comprehension & Skills)

得分: 0 / 29 题
🎯 预习练习完成进度 0%
☕ Before You Read (常见饮食咖啡因含量测定) 📖 Reading Comprehension A (主旨与细节单选) 🔬 Reading Comprehension B (三大学者研究结论配对) ⚖️ Reading Skill A (咖啡因利弊 Pros & Cons) 🍫 Critical Thinking (巧克力的利与弊深度评估)
☕ Before You Read · A. Caffeine Content Matching (Page 90) 共 8 题 · 常见食品药品咖啡因含量匹配
Caffeine Chart: [a] 30 mg | [b] 64 mg | [c] 47 mg | [d] 70 mg | [e] 80 mg | [f] 130 mg | [g] 260 mg | [h] 310 mg
P90 BYR A · 1
1. How much caffeine is in Espresso coffee, 30 ml (意式浓缩咖啡)?
P90 BYR A · 2
2. How much caffeine is in a Milk chocolate bar, 170 g (大排牛奶巧克力)?
P90 BYR A · 3
3. How much caffeine is in a Brewed tea, 240 ml cup (一杯现泡冲泡茶)?
P90 BYR A · 4
4. How much caffeine is in a Can of energy drink, 240 ml (一罐能量饮料)?
P90 BYR A · 5
5. How much caffeine is in a Brewed coffee, 360 ml cup (大杯现磨滴滤咖啡)?
P90 BYR A · 6
6. How much caffeine is in a Bottle of cola, 600 ml (一瓶600毫升可乐饮料)?
P90 BYR A · 7
7. How much caffeine is in a Large soda, 1.9 l (影院超大杯碳酸汽水 1.9升)?
P90 BYR A · 8
8. How much caffeine is in Pain relief medicine (2 tablets) (两片止痛药片)?
📖 Reading Comprehension · A. Multiple Choice (Page 93) 共 5 题 · 课文理解核心单选
P93 RC A · Q1 · GIST
9. What is this reading mainly about?
P93 RC A · Q2 · VOCABULARY
10. In paragraph A, line 7, the word downing could be replaced with ________.
P93 RC A · Q3 · INFERENCE
11. Which statement would sleep expert Charles Czeisler probably agree with?
P93 RC A · Q4 · PARAPHRASE
12. Which of the following is closest in meaning to: "Moreover, despite its nearly universal use, caffeine has rarely been abused."?
P93 RC A · Q5 · COHESION
13. The sentence "Many say they couldn't live without it." would best be placed at the end of which paragraph?
🔬 Reading Comprehension · B. Matching Conclusions (Page 93) 共 3 题 · 三大学者研究结论配对
[a] Caffeine use is not often abused.
[b] Caffeine causes people to lose sleep.
[c] People consume coffee to stay awake.
[d] Caffeine can affect a person's moods.
[e] Regular caffeine consumption can cause dependence.
[f] People often stop consuming caffeine when they have had too much.
P93 RC B · 1. Charles Czeisler (Harvard)
14. Which conclusions match Charles Czeisler?
P93 RC B · 2. Roland Griffiths (Johns Hopkins)
15. Which conclusions match Roland Griffiths?
P93 RC B · 3. Jack Bergman (Harvard)
16. Which conclusions match Jack Bergman?
⚖️ Reading Skill · A. Analyzing Pros and Cons (Page 94) 共 7 题 · 官方利弊图表填空
P94 RS A · Positive 1
17. Positive: may [1] ________ muscle pain, improves mood.
P94 RS A · Positive 2
18. Positive: chemicals in some caffeinated drinks can help fight [2] ________.
P94 RS A · Positive 3
19. Positive: increases alertness, memory, and [3] ________ speed.
P94 RS A · Negative 4
20. Negative: causes us to lose [4] ________.
P94 RS A · Negative 5
21. Negative: like being addicted to a [5] ________, causing mood swings, headaches.
P94 RS A · Negative 6
22. Negative: going without makes us tired and [6] ________.
P94 RS A · Negative 7
23. Negative: may increase blood [7] ________ temporarily.
🍫 Critical Thinking · Evaluating Pros and Cons of Chocolate (Page 94) 共 6 题 · 利弊辩证判定 (Pro / Con)
P94 CT · a
24. Statement a: "It can cause mood swings." is a ________.
P94 CT · b
25. Statement b: "It can be expensive if eaten every day." is a ________.
P94 CT · c
26. Statement c: "The sugar in chocolate can cause tooth decay." is a ________.
P94 CT · d
27. Statement d: "It contains a small amount of caffeine, which can help increase alertness." is a ________.
P94 CT · e
28. Statement e: "The calcium in chocolate can reduce the harmful effects of tooth decay." is a ________.
P94 CT · f
29. Statement f: "It has a lot of energy-giving calories." is a ________.

📘 核心词汇矩阵与跟读打卡

abuse 0
/əˈbjuːs/ n./v.
The improper use of something, especially drugs or power.
contradict 0
/ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ v.
To say the opposite of a statement made by someone else.
exhibit 0
/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ v./n.
To show, display, or manifest a quality, symptom, or feature.
facilitate 0
/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v.
To make an action, process, or task easier or less difficult.
furthermore 0
/ˌfɜːrdərˈmɔːr/ adv.
In addition; moreover; besides.
mental 0
/ˈmentl/ adj.
Relating to the mind, cognitive processes, or disorders.
proof 0
/pruːf/ n.
Evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement.
reaction 0
/riˈækʃn/ n.
An action performed or feeling experienced in response to a stimulus.
specialist 0
/ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n.
A person who concentrates on and is an expert in a specific field.
temporary 0
/ˈtempəreri/ adj.
Lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent.

📝 词汇强化实战检测 (Vocabulary Practice & Expansion)

得分: 0 / 12 题
🎯 复习练习完成进度 0%
📘 Part A: Passage Completion (宠物与巧克力 · 选词填空) 📗 Part B: Definitions (学术词汇精准释义单选) 📕 Part C: Synonyms of "furthermore" (同义递进词思维导图)
📘 A. Completion 语篇填空 · Feeding Chocolate to Dogs (Page 95) 共 4 题 · 选词填空
Word Bank: [abuse] [exhibit] [furthermore] [proof] [reaction] (One word is extra)
P95 Part A · Q1
1. Did you know that you might be [1] ________ your dog if you feed it chocolate?
（喂狗吃巧克力可能属于______虐待动物行为？）
P95 Part A · Q2
2. A dog’s [2] ________ to chocolate usually depends on the type of chocolate it is given...
（狗对巧克力的身体______通常取决于所食巧克力的类型...）
P95 Part A · Q3
3. [3] ________, a dog is also affected by the amount of chocolate that it consumes.
（______，狗也会受到其摄入巧克力剂量的直接影响。）
P95 Part A · Q4
4. A dog may [4] ________ symptoms such as rapid breathing, vomiting, or even heart problems...
（犬只可能会______急促呼吸、呕吐甚至心脏疾病等症状...）
📗 B. Definitions 词义精辨单选 (Page 95) 共 6 题 · 精准释义
P95 Part B · Q1
5. If you facilitate something, you make it ________.
P95 Part B · Q2
6. Something that is temporary continues ________.
P95 Part B · Q3
7. A police detective who has proof of a crime has ________.
P95 Part B · Q4
8. If something contradicts an idea, it ________ it.
P95 Part B · Q5
9. If you make a mental note of something, you ________.
P95 Part B · Q6
10. A specialist is someone who is ________ in a particular area.
📕 C. Synonyms Word Web · "furthermore" (Page 95) 共 2 题 · 递进转折连词分类辨析
P95 Part C · Q1
11. Which pair of words are ALL standard synonyms of furthermore (表示“此外、而且”)?
P95 Part C · Q2
12. Which phrase can also be used synonymously with furthermore to add further points in writing?
🏆 LESSON ACCOMPLISHED

Unit 6A 专属学霸荣誉证书

The World’s Favorite Drug · 咖啡因的科学探索 沉浸研学大满贯
0 / 29
课文预习题得分
0 / 12
词汇深度复习分
10 / 10
核心学术词掌握
0%
综合正确率
“Caffeine’s behavioral effects are real, but most often mild... humankind’s favorite stimulant is at work every day, all over the world.”
进入 Unit 6B: Addicted to Distraction ➔