🎯 目标词汇发音与释义 (Target Vocabulary)
bonus
/ˈboʊnəs/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Something extra or pleasant given in addition to what is expected.
奖金，额外的红利
💬 课本原句例句
If no one in the community kills the protected animals over the course of a year, the program members are rewarded with a 20% bonus.
当地社区若成功阻止领地内的非法偷猎，年终将会获得国际保护组织发放的一笔丰厚奖金。
conflict
/ˈkɒnflɪkt/
n./v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A serious disagreement, fight, or clash between groups.
冲突，抵触
💬 课本原句例句
In recent years, though, conflict with local herders has also led to a number of snow leopard deaths.
随着放牧范围扩大，当地牧民与捕食家畜的雪豹之间的生存冲突愈演愈烈。
distinctive
/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Characteristic of one person or thing, making it easy to recognize.
独特的，与众不同的
💬 课本原句例句
Best known for its spotted coat and long distinctive tale, the snow leopard is one of the world's most secretive animals.
每只雪豹的皮毛上都生有如同人类指纹般独一无二的花斑图案。
drag
/dræɡ/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To pull someone or something along forcefully with effort.
拖曳，硬拉
💬 课本原句例句
This is because the big cats kill the herders' animals and drag the bodies away high up in the mountains to eat.
强壮的成年美洲豹能够将自身体重两倍的猎物拖上陡峭的岩石斜坡隐藏起来。
enforce
/ɪnˈfɔːrs/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To compel observance of or compliance with a law or rule.
强制执行，执行（法律）
💬 课本原句例句
Snow leopards have been officially protected since 1975, but enforcing this law has proven difficult.
自1975年以来，雪豹就受到了官方保护，但执行这项法律被证明十分困难。
landscape
/ˈlændskeɪp/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
All the visible features of an area of countryside or land.
地貌，风景，地貌景观
💬 课本原句例句
Because farming is difficult in Central Asia's cold, dry landscape, traditional cultures depend mostly on livestock, mainly sheep and goats to survive in these mountainous regions.
中亚高山地区极其荒凉陡峭的崎岖地貌，为雪豹捕猎岩羊提供了天然隐蔽的屏障。
officially
/əˈfɪʃəli/
adv.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
With the authority of the government or governing body.
官方地，正式地
💬 课本原句例句
Snow leopards have been officially protected since 1975, but enforcing this law has proven difficult.
自1975年起，这一物种便已被联合国濒危野生动植物国际公约正式列为特级保护动物。
poverty
/ˈpɒvərti/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The state of being extremely poor; lack of resources.
贫困，贫穷
💬 课本原句例句
If a family loses even a few animals, it can push them into desperate poverty.
帮助偏远贫困牧民通过羊毛手工艺品增加家庭收入，能有效遏制由于生计绝望引起的偷猎行为。
reverse
/rɪˈvɜːrs/
v./adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To change something completely to its opposite direction.
扭转，反转
💬 课本原句例句
The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction, say conservationists, is to make the more valuable alive than dead.
生态学家们正拼尽全力，试图扭转全球大型食肉动物种群持续锐减的危急趋势。
status
/ˈsteɪtəs/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The legal, social, or conservation condition of something.
地位，法定身份，等级
💬 课本原句例句
The arrangement increases herders' incomes by 10% to 15% and elevates the status of the women.
国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）定期评估更新全球濒危珍稀物种的红色受威胁等级状态。
📖 课文原文 · Tracking the Snow Leopard
Paragraph A
When a snow leopard stalks its prey among the mountain walls, it moves softly.
Slowly, explains Indian biologist Ragunandun Singh Chandawatt, who has studied the animal for years.
If it knocks a stone loose, it will reach out a foot to stop it from falling and making noise.
One might be moving right now, perfectly silent, maybe close by, but where.
Paragraph B
Best known for its spotted coat and long distinctive tale, the snow leopard is one of the world's most secretive animals.
These elusive cats can only be found high in the remote, mountainous regions of Central Asia.
For this reason and because they hunt primarily at night, they are very rarely seen.
Snow leopards have been officially protected since 1975, but enforcing this law has proven difficult.
Many continue to be killed for their fur and body parts, which are worth a fortune on the black market.
In recent years, though, conflict with local herders has also led to a number of snow leopard deaths.
This is because the big cats kill the herders' animals and drag the bodies away high up in the mountains to eat.
Paragraph C
As a result of these pressures, the current snow leopard population is estimated at only 4,000 to 7,000, and some fear that the actual number may already have dropped below 3,500.
The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction, say conservationists, is to make the more valuable alive than dead.
Paragraph D
A fragile relationship.
Because farming is difficult in Central Asia's cold, dry landscape, traditional cultures depend mostly on livestock, mainly sheep and goats to survive in these mountainous regions.
At night, when snow leopards hunt, herders' animals are in danger of snow leopard attacks.
If a family loses even a few animals, it can push them into desperate poverty.
The wolf comes and kills, eats and goes somewhere else, said one herder, but snow leopards are always around.
They have killed one or two animals many times.
Everybody wanted to finish this leopard.
Paragraph E
To address this problem, local religious leaders have called for an end to snow leopard killings, saying that these wild animals have the right to exist peacefully.
They've also tried to convince people that the leopards are quite rare, and thus it is important to protect them.
The value of preservation.
Financial incentives are also helping to slow snow leopard killings.
The organization, snow leopard conservancy India Trust, has established Himalayan home stays, a program that sends visitors to herders' houses.
For a clean room and bed, meals with the family, and an introduction to their culture, visitors pay about ten US dollars a night.
Paragraph F
If guests come once every two weeks through the tourist season, the herders will earn enough income to replace the animals lost to snow leopards.
In addition, the organization helps herders build protective fences that keep out snow leopards.
It also conducts environmental classes at village schools, and trains the organization's members as nature guides, available for higher.
In exchange, the herders agree not to kill snow leopards.
Paragraph G
In Mongolia, a project called Snow Leopard Enterprises, SLE, helps herder communities earn extra money in exchange for their promise to protect the endangered cat.
Women in Mongolian herder communities make a variety of products, yarn for making clothes, decorative floor rugs, and toys using the wool from their herds.
SLE buys these items from herding families and sells them abroad.
Herders must agree to protect the snow leopards and to encourage neighbors to do the same.
The arrangement increases herders' incomes by 10% to 15% and elevates the status of the women.
If no one in the community kills the protected animals over the course of a year, the program members are rewarded with a 20% bonus.
Paragraph H
In addition to the money they've already made.
An independent review in 2006 found no snow leopard killings in areas where SLE operates.
Today, the organization continues to add more communities.
Projects like the Homestay's program in India and SLE's business in Mongolia are doing well.
Though they cover only a small part of the snow leopards homeland, they make the leopards more valuable to more people each year.
If these programs continue to do well, the snow leopard may just have a fighting chance.
📝 课文精读与官方理解题库 (Reading Comprehension & Skills)
得分: 0 / 19 题
🎯 预习练习完成进度
0%
📘 P.47 Before You Read
📑 P.52 Comprehension A
🔍 P.52 Words from Context
📝 P.53 Skill: Annotating
🤔 P.53 Critical Thinking
📘 第一部分：Before You Read 课前思考预习题 (Page 47)
共 5 题
A. Read the photo caption on Page 47. Then discuss your answers to these questions with a partner.
（雪豹生活在中亚海拔 3,000 至 5,000 米的高山地带。探讨雪豹面临的环境挑战与适应机制。）
P47 Before You Read · Q1
1. What kinds of challenges do you think a snow leopard faces in the high mountains of Central Asia?
（你认为雪豹在中亚高海拔险峻山区面临怎样的生存挑战？）
（你认为雪豹在中亚高海拔险峻山区面临怎样的生存挑战？）
P47 Before You Read · Q2
2. In what ways do you think the snow leopard has adapted to its extreme mountain environment?
（你认为雪豹通过哪些生理特征适应了这种极寒高山环境？）
（你认为雪豹通过哪些生理特征适应了这种极寒高山环境？）
B. Read the title and the headings in the reading passage. Check (✓) the information that you think the passage will include.
（阅读标题与小标题，判断下列哪些核心信息会在文章中被重点探讨。）
P47 Before You Read · Q3
3. Topic 1: “The number of snow leopards left in the wild” (野外现存雪豹的具体种群数量估测) 是课文重点讨论的信息吗？
P47 Before You Read · Q4
4. Topic 2: “Methods of protecting snow leopards” (保护雪豹免遭捕杀的创新途径与项目) 是课文重点讨论的信息吗？
P47 Before You Read · Q5
5. Topic 3: “Disagreements between snow leopards and herders” (雪豹捕杀家畜与当地牧民之间的冲突) 是课文重点讨论的信息吗？
📑 第二部分：Reading Comprehension 主旨与细节理解 (Page 52)
共 5 题 · 多选题
P52 Comprehension · Q1
1. What is the main idea of paragraph C?
（段落 C 的核心主旨是什么？）
（段落 C 的核心主旨是什么？）
P52 Comprehension · Q2
2. In the last sentence of paragraph D, this trend refers to ________.
（在段落 D 的末句中，“this trend（这种趋势）”具体指的是什么？）
（在段落 D 的末句中，“this trend（这种趋势）”具体指的是什么？）
P52 Comprehension · Q3
3. According to conservationists, what’s the best way to save the snow leopard?
（保护主义者认为，拯救雪豹最行之有效的方式是什么？）
（保护主义者认为，拯救雪豹最行之有效的方式是什么？）
P52 Comprehension · Q4
4. Which of these is NOT true about the Himalayan Homestays program?
（下列哪项陈述与喜马拉雅民宿项目（Himalayan Homestays）的实际情况不符？）
（下列哪项陈述与喜马拉雅民宿项目（Himalayan Homestays）的实际情况不符？）
P52 Comprehension · Q5
5. Why is the Mongolian women’s status in the community “elevated” (paragraph I)?
（为什么蒙古国妇女在社区中的地位得到了提高？）
（为什么蒙古国妇女在社区中的地位得到了提高？）
🔍 第二部分 (B)：Words from Context 语境词义辨析 (Page 52)
共 5 题 · 上下文推断
P52 Part B · 1. stalks (Para A)
1. “When a snow leopard stalks its prey...”: stalks means ________.
（语境中 stalks 的含义是：______。）
（语境中 stalks 的含义是：______。）
P52 Part B · 2. fortune (Para C)
2. “...worth a fortune on the black market.”: fortune means ________.
（语境中 a fortune 的含义是：______。）
（语境中 a fortune 的含义是：______。）
P52 Part B · 3. depend on (Para E)
3. “...traditional cultures depend on livestock to survive.”: depend on means ________.
（语境中 depend on 的含义是：______。）
（语境中 depend on 的含义是：______。）
P52 Part B · 4. address (Para F)
4. “To address this problem, local religious leaders...”: address means ________.
（语境中 address 的含义是：______。）
（语境中 address 的含义是：______。）
P52 Part B · 5. incentives (Para G)
5. “Financial incentives are also helping to slow snow leopard killings.”: incentives means ________.
（语境中 incentives 的含义是：______。）
（语境中 incentives 的含义是：______。）
📝 第三部分：Reading Skill · Annotating a Reading Passage (Page 53)
共 3 题 · 精读批注策略实战
🎯 批注四大法则 (Annotating a Reading Passage)：
1. 下划线标记生词并在行间或页边空白标注释义；
2. 画圈标出重要人名、地理数据、核心统计百分比与关键年份；
3. 在段落旁简短记下个人读后感想或疑问点；
4. 在难以理解的语句旁打问号以便稍后查阅求证。
1. 下划线标记生词并在行间或页边空白标注释义；
2. 画圈标出重要人名、地理数据、核心统计百分比与关键年份；
3. 在段落旁简短记下个人读后感想或疑问点；
4. 在难以理解的语句旁打问号以便稍后查阅求证。
P53 Reading Skill · Q1
1. In the section “The Value of Preservation” (Paragraph G), what key statistic should a student annotate regarding tourist lodging costs?
（在“保护的价值”段落 G 中，针对游客住宿收费的关键数据批注是：______。）
（在“保护的价值”段落 G 中，针对游客住宿收费的关键数据批注是：______。）
P53 Reading Skill · Q2
2. In exchange for protective fences and tourism income, what key promise made by herders should be underlined?
（作为获得防兽栅栏与旅游收益的交换，牧民作出的哪句核心承诺应予下划线批注？）
（作为获得防兽栅栏与旅游收益的交换，牧民作出的哪句核心承诺应予下划线批注？）
P53 Reading Skill · Q3
3. In paragraph I, what additional financial bonus do Mongolian herders receive if zero snow leopards are killed over a year?
（段落 I 中，若社区在一年内没有任何雪豹被猎杀，蒙古国牧民可额外获得多少年度分红奖励？）
（段落 I 中，若社区在一年内没有任何雪豹被猎杀，蒙古国牧民可额外获得多少年度分红奖励？）
🤔 Page 53 · Critical Thinking: Evaluating Incentives (经济激励成效评析)
共 2 题
P53 Critical Thinking · Q1
4. What do you think is the main purpose of the financial incentives offered by the Homestays and SLE programs?
（你认为喜马拉雅民宿和蒙古雪豹企业项目提供经济激励的核心目的是什么？）
（你认为喜马拉雅民宿和蒙古雪豹企业项目提供经济激励的核心目的是什么？）
💡 Critical Thinking: Which Program Might Be More Effective? (项目效能对比)
Which of the two programs (Himalayan Homestays vs. Snow Leopard Enterprises) do you think might be more effective? Why?
（你认为两个保护项目中哪一个可能更具持久效能？为什么？）
（你认为两个保护项目中哪一个可能更具持久效能？为什么？）
【Teacher’s Guide 官方参考范例】：
“Himalayan Homestays gives herders the tools to educate others about their culture and learn more about their environment. They also build fences around their property to keep the snow leopards out. SLE buys products that the herders make.
I think Himalayan Homestays might be more effective because the herders learn why it’s important to protect the snow leopards, and they have the opportunity to meet foreigners who might have different opinions than they do.”
（民宿项目不仅带来即时经济补偿，还通过文化交流与防兽栅栏从根源上消解冲突；而手工业销售则在更广泛区域内提升了女性地位与社区凝聚力。）
“Himalayan Homestays gives herders the tools to educate others about their culture and learn more about their environment. They also build fences around their property to keep the snow leopards out. SLE buys products that the herders make.
I think Himalayan Homestays might be more effective because the herders learn why it’s important to protect the snow leopards, and they have the opportunity to meet foreigners who might have different opinions than they do.”
（民宿项目不仅带来即时经济补偿，还通过文化交流与防兽栅栏从根源上消解冲突；而手工业销售则在更广泛区域内提升了女性地位与社区凝聚力。）
📘 核心词汇矩阵与跟读打卡
bonus
0
/ˈboʊnəs/
n.
Something extra or pleasant given in addition to what is expected.
conflict
0
/ˈkɒnflɪkt/
n./v.
A serious disagreement, fight, or clash between groups.
distinctive
0
/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/
adj.
Characteristic of one person or thing, making it easy to recognize.
drag
0
/dræɡ/
v.
To pull someone or something along forcefully with effort.
enforce
0
/ɪnˈfɔːrs/
v.
To compel observance of or compliance with a law or rule.
landscape
0
/ˈlændskeɪp/
n.
All the visible features of an area of countryside or land.
officially
0
/əˈfɪʃəli/
adv.
With the authority of the government or governing body.
poverty
0
/ˈpɒvərti/
n.
The state of being extremely poor; lack of resources.
reverse
0
/rɪˈvɜːrs/
v./adj.
To change something completely to its opposite direction.
status
0
/ˈsteɪtəs/
n.
The legal, social, or conservation condition of something.
✍️ 单元词汇专项强化 (Vocabulary Practice)
得分: 0 / 14 题
🎯 复习练习完成进度
0%
📘 A. 语篇词汇与释义匹配 · 猎豹的保护现状 (Page 54)
共 6 题 · 原词原义严格对应
P54 Part A · Q1
1. “in a formal or public way” defines: ________.
（“以官方正规或公开的方式”所对应的单词是：______。）
（“以官方正规或公开的方式”所对应的单词是：______。）
P54 Part A · Q2
2. “to pull a heavy weight across the ground” defines: ________.
（“沿地面拖曳沉重的物体”所对应的单词是：______。）
（“沿地面拖曳沉重的物体”所对应的单词是：______。）
P54 Part A · Q3
3. “to change direction, or become the opposite” defines: ________.
（“改变方向，或走向完全反面”所对应的单词是：______。）
（“改变方向，或走向完全反面”所对应的单词是：______。）
P54 Part A · Q4
4. “to make sure people obey rules” defines: ________.
（“确保人们遵守规章法则”所对应的单词是：______。）
（“确保人们遵守规章法则”所对应的单词是：______。）
P54 Part A · Q5
5. “the view around you in the countryside” defines: ________.
（“乡间田野周围开阔的风景地貌”所对应的单词是：______。）
（“乡间田野周围开阔的风景地貌”所对应的单词是：______。）
P54 Part A · Q6
6. “the state of something at a particular time” defines: ________.
（“某事物在特定时期的状态或法定身份”所对应的单词是：______。）
（“某事物在特定时期的状态或法定身份”所对应的单词是：______。）
📗 B. 核心词汇精准语境辨析 (Page 54)
共 4 题 · 选项精准判别
P54 Part B · Q1
1. If you are in poverty you can’t support yourself ________.
（如果你身处贫困之中，你无法在______上维持自身基本生活开销。）
（如果你身处贫困之中，你无法在______上维持自身基本生活开销。）
P54 Part B · Q2
2. A conflict is a type of ________.
（conflict（冲突/分歧）属于一种______。）
（conflict（冲突/分歧）属于一种______。）
P54 Part B · Q3
3. Someone who receives a bonus at work gets ________.
（在工作中获得 bonus（奖金）的人会得到______。）
（在工作中获得 bonus（奖金）的人会得到______。）
P54 Part B · Q4
4. Something that looks ________ others is distinctive.
（外观与其他同类______的事物被称为是 distinctive（与众不同/独特的）。）
（外观与其他同类______的事物被称为是 distinctive（与众不同/独特的）。）
📕 C. 名词与动词双性兼类词实战 (Page 54)
共 4 题 · 选词填空
Word Bank: [capture] [conflict] [contact] [reverse] [signal]
Complete the sentences with a word from the box. One word is extra.
P54 Part C · Q1
1. ________ between environmentalists and police has delayed the construction of several oil pipeline projects.
（环保人士与警方之间的激烈______导致数个输油管道项目的建设被迫推迟。）
（环保人士与警方之间的激烈______导致数个输油管道项目的建设被迫推迟。）
P54 Part C · Q2
2. Recent data provide a clear ________ that Arctic ice is melting rapidly.
（近期的科学数据提供了一个明确的______，表明北极海冰正在加速融化。）
（近期的科学数据提供了一个明确的______，表明北极海冰正在加速融化。）
P54 Part C · Q3
3. Some remote tribes in the Amazon have had no ________ with the outside world.
（亚马逊丛林中一些偏远隔绝的部落从未与外部世界发生过任何______。）
（亚马逊丛林中一些偏远隔绝的部落从未与外部世界发生过任何______。）
P54 Part C · Q4
4. Researchers ________ koalas to monitor their health.
（研究人员______野外考拉以持续监测它们的身体健康状况。）
（研究人员______野外考拉以持续监测它们的身体健康状况。）
🏆 3. Honor Certificate 课后荣誉通关证书
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