🎯 目标词汇发音与释义 (Target Vocabulary)
accumulate
/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To gather together or acquire an increasing quantity of something.
积累，积聚
💬 课本原句例句
As the water began to accumulate, Parmettano realized there was a problem.
在长期处于完全失重状态的太空飞行过程中，宇航员体内会逐渐积聚骨质流失与肌肉萎缩等生理负面影响。
concern
/kənˈsɜːrn/
n./v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A matter of interest or anxiety; to worry someone.
担忧，关切
💬 课本原句例句
Now it's in my eyes, he recall saying, concerned that he might choke on the water, ground control stopped the spacewalk.
高能宇宙射线辐射和长期深空隔离对宇航员心理健康的严峻考验，是火星载人探测任务面临的首要核心关切。
consciousness
/ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings.
意识，知觉
💬 课本原句例句
One of the most common is losing consciousness.
当首次从浩瀚漆黑的深邃太空中回望那颗脆弱悬浮的蔚蓝色母星时，每一位航天员的心灵意识都受到了难以言表的剧烈震撼。
demanding
/dɪˈmændɪŋ/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Requiring much skill, effort, or physical/mental stamina.
要求极高的，苛刻的
💬 课本原句例句
Although space suits have an internal heating and cooling system, they can still get very hot, especially when astronauts are doing physically demanding work outside the spacecraft for hours.
舱外太空行走是所有航天任务中对体能与心理意志要求最为严酷苛刻的高难度专业科目。
detached
/dɪˈtætʃt/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Separate or disconnected; objective and aloof.
分离的，脱离的，超然的
💬 课本原句例句
Every NASA space suit has a mini jet pack, and astronauts are trained to use it to float back to the station if they somehow become detached from the craft.
当系留安全缆绳完全脱离空间站闸门的那一刻，宇航员真正成为了孤身漂浮在浩瀚深空冰冷虚空中的独行者。
familiarize
/fəˈmɪliəraɪz/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To make someone well acquainted with something.
熟悉，使适应
💬 课本原句例句
They also familiarize themselves with the exact route they will take once they leave a spacecraft.
在正式发射升空之前，宇航员必须在巨大的中性浮力水槽实验室中经过数百小时的反复演练，以此全面熟悉复杂的舱外作业流程。
impressive
/ɪmˈpresɪv/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Evoking admiration through size, quality, or skill.
令人印象深刻的，宏伟令人叹服的
💬 课本原句例句
What's the most impressive thing about a spacewalk?
国际空间站以每秒7.7公里的惊人极速掠过地球大气层顶端，展现出了人类现代航天工程登峰造极的宏伟壮美。
internal
/ɪnˈtɜːrnl/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Of, situated, or existing in the inside of something.
内部的，体内的
💬 课本原句例句
Although space suits have an internal heating and cooling system, they can still get very hot, especially when astronauts are doing physically demanding work outside the spacecraft for hours.
航天服生命保障背包内置的高精度传感系统必须时刻严密调节宇航员体内的氧气分压与体表微气候温度。
pioneer
/ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/
n./v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A person who is among the first to explore or settle a new area.
先驱，开拓者
💬 课本原句例句
She'd ever thought she'd be one of the pioneers.
这批勇敢踏入未开辟深空蛮荒之地的先锋开拓者，正用自己的勇气为全人类未来向星际文明迈进铺就基石。
venture
/ˈventʃər/
v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To dare to do something or go somewhere risky; a risky journey.
冒险前行，敢于去；冒险事业
💬 课本原句例句
Though NASA has taken steps to correct the problem, the experience underscores the dangers that astronauts face each time they venture outside a spacecraft.
人类若想真正跨越地月引力深井大胆涉足火星红土地，就必须有敢于承受漫长孤独与未卜生死的非凡冒险精神。
📖 课文原文 · Defying Gravity
Paragraph A
experience during the spacewalk, while working on the International Space Station, ISS, his helmet began filling with water.
At first, Parmettano wasn't sure what it was.
My head is really wet.
He told NASA flight controllers back on Earth.
As the water began to accumulate, Parmettano realized there was a problem.
It's too much!
Now it's in my eyes, he recall saying, concerned that he might choke on the water, ground control stopped the spacewalk.
Back inside the ISS, Parmettano took off his helmet and discovered that it contained almost half a liter of water.
Where had this water come from?
NASA found out that a malfunction in the suit's liquid cooling system had caused water to leak.
Paragraph B
Some of the water got into Parmettano's helmet.
Though NASA has taken steps to correct the problem, the experience underscores the dangers that astronauts face each time they venture outside a spacecraft.
Training for a spacewalk.
Spacewalks are safer now than they were over 50 years ago, when, in 1965, Russian, Alexa Layanov carried out the first one.
However, as Parmettano's experience illustrates, there are still risks involved.
To ensure that missions are successful, astronauts train on Earth for hundreds of hours.
They learn to deal with a lack of gravity in space, for example, by floating in a large tank of water, where they experience a feeling very close to the
Paragraph C
weightlessness of space.
For every hour they will walk in space, astronauts practice for 10 hours in the water.
They also familiarize themselves with the exact route they will take once they leave a spacecraft.
They go over this path repeatedly, so they know exactly what to do on a spacewalk.
Astronauts also train for emergencies that may come about during a walk.
One of the most common is losing consciousness.
Although space suits have an internal heating and cooling system, they can still get very hot, especially when astronauts are doing physically demanding work outside the spacecraft for hours.
Paragraph D
Astronauts are trained to monitor their breathing and to make sure their bodies aren't overheating, which could cause them to pass out.
Another potential challenge that astronauts are trained to deal with is being separated from a spacecraft.
During a walk, astronauts work in pairs and are attached to the ISS for safety reasons.
Every NASA space suit has a mini jet pack, and astronauts are trained to use it to float back to the station if they somehow become detached from the craft.
Sunita Williams, Space Walker.
Paragraph E
As a child, Sunita Williams believed that space travel would be routine when she grew up, something everyone did.
She'd ever thought she'd be one of the pioneers.
The former pilot has now visited the International Space Station several times and has spent dozens of hours walking in space.
What's the most impressive thing about a spacewalk?
The view, being up very high, looking down and seeing the northern lights below.
Is it scary?
On my first walk in 2006, there was a problem with a solar array, a solar panel on the station, and we needed to fix it.
Along arm connects the space station to the array.
As I started going up this arm to the array, I felt like I was climbing a skyscraper.
Paragraph F
I had to tell myself, it's okay, you're not going to fall.
In space, you can get really confused sometimes.
You don't know if you are going up or down, left or right.
During that first walk outside the ISS, I had to remind myself how we trained in the water tank.
That helped me stay calm.
Are there things you do to keep yourself grounded while living in space?
On my first flight, I would go down to the Russian end of the space station because there was only one bathroom at the time.
Astronaut, Misha, Tyron would always say, would you like some tea?
We would sit or float in the air for 5 or 10 minutes, drinking tea, and just talk about life.
📝 课文精读与官方理解题库 (Reading Comprehension & Skills)
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🎯 预习练习完成进度
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🚀 Reading Comprehension A (单项选择)
📊 Comprehension B: Challenges Chart (表格扫描填空)
🔍 Reading Skill A: Phrasal Verb Definitions (短语动词释义)
🧩 Reading Skill B: Particle Choice (短语动词介副词辨析)
🚀 Reading Comprehension A · Multiple Choice (Page 191)
5 题 · 官方单选
P191 Comprehension A · Q1 · Cause and Effect
1. What caused Luca Parmitano’s helmet to fill with water?
P191 Comprehension A · Q2 · Detail
2. Who was the first person to go on a spacewalk?
P191 Comprehension A · Q3 · Detail
3. How long does an astronaut need to practice in the water to prepare for a two-hour spacewalk?
P191 Comprehension A · Q4 · Reference
4. What does it refer to in the last sentence of paragraph E? (“...and astronauts are trained to use it to float back to the station...”)
P191 Comprehension A · Q5 · Inference
5. What would Sunita Williams say was the most challenging aspect of her first spacewalk?
📊 Reading Comprehension B · Challenges of a Spacewalk Chart (Page 191)
6 题 · 原版课文扫描填空
P191 Comprehension B · Item 1
6. Coping without gravity: Astronauts practice 1 [_______] in water on Earth.
P191 Comprehension B · Item 2
7. This gives them a similar feeling of 2 [_______] that they will have in space.
P191 Comprehension B · Item 3
8. Moving in space: Astronauts practice the 3 [_______] on Earth many times.
P191 Comprehension B · Item 4
9. Overheating in spacesuit: Astronauts are taught to 4 [_______] their breathing...
P191 Comprehension B · Item 5
10. ...and check they don’t 5 [_______].
P191 Comprehension B · Item 6
11. Becoming detached from spacecraft: Astronauts are taught to use a small 6 [_______] to steer back to spacecraft.
🔍 Reading Skill A · Understanding Phrasal Verbs (Page 192)
7 题 · 课文原句短语动词匹配
P192 Skill A · Item 1
12. Which phrasal verb means removed (paragraph B: “Back inside the ISS, Parmitano [_______] his helmet...”)?
P192 Skill A · Item 2
13. Which phrasal verb means discovered (paragraph C: “NASA [_______] that a malfunction in the suit’s liquid cooling system...”)?
P192 Skill A · Item 3
14. Which phrasal verb means performed (paragraph D: “Russian Alexei Leonov [_______] the first one”)?
P192 Skill A · Item 4
15. Which phrasal verb means handle; manage (paragraph D: “They learn to [_______] the lack of gravity in space...”)?
P192 Skill A · Item 5
16. Which phrasal verb means review (paragraph D: “They [_______] this path repeatedly, so they know exactly what to do...”)?
P192 Skill A · Item 6
17. Which phrasal verb means faint (paragraph E: “...which could cause them to [_______]”)?
P192 Skill A · Item 7
18. Which phrasal verb means became an adult (paragraph F: “...something everyone did when she [_______]”)?
🧩 Reading Skill B · Particle Choice in Space Marathon (Page 192)
6 题 · 短语介副词精准辨析
P192 Skill B · Item 1
19. While on the ISS in 2007, Williams took part [at / in / with] the Boston Marathon.
P192 Skill B · Item 2
20. Unlike runners on Earth, who had to deal [of / with / forward] strong winds and rain during the 42-kilometer race...
P192 Skill B · Item 3
21. She started running on a treadmill as the race kicked [off / to / on] in Boston...
P192 Skill B · Item 4
22. Her fellow astronauts cheered her [with / on / over].
P192 Skill B · Item 5
23. She ended [off / down / up] with a race time of 4 hours, 23 minutes, and 10 seconds.
P192 Skill B · Item 6
24. “I think the idea came [out / up / away] because I’m a big proponent of physical fitness...”
📘 核心词汇矩阵与跟读打卡
accumulate
0
/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/
v.
To gather together or acquire an increasing quantity of something.
concern
0
/kənˈsɜːrn/
n./v.
A matter of interest or anxiety; to worry someone.
consciousness
0
/ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
n.
The state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings.
demanding
0
/dɪˈmændɪŋ/
adj.
Requiring much skill, effort, or physical/mental stamina.
detached
0
/dɪˈtætʃt/
adj.
Separate or disconnected; objective and aloof.
familiarize
0
/fəˈmɪliəraɪz/
v.
To make someone well acquainted with something.
impressive
0
/ɪmˈpresɪv/
adj.
Evoking admiration through size, quality, or skill.
internal
0
/ɪnˈtɜːrnl/
adj.
Of, situated, or existing in the inside of something.
pioneer
0
/ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/
n./v.
A person who is among the first to explore or settle a new area.
venture
0
/ˈventʃər/
v./n.
To dare to do something or go somewhere risky; a risky journey.
📝 单元核心词汇实战检测 (Vocabulary Practice)
得分: 0 / 14 题
🎯 词汇检测完成进度
0%
✍️ Activity A: Astronaut Training (语篇填空)
📖 Activity B: Word Definitions (词义精准匹配)
🔤 Activity C: Word Parts -ize (后缀衍生造词)
✍️ Activity A · Astronaut Training Completion (Page 193)
5 题 · 官方语篇填空
P193 Activity A · Item 1
1. Before they can 1 [_______] into space, astronauts on the ISS have to undergo a training process...
P193 Activity A · Item 2
2. ...astronauts on the ISS have to undergo a very 2 [_______] training process.
P193 Activity A · Item 3
3. ...in which they learn about space technology, medical procedures, and the 3 [_______] workings of the ISS.
P193 Activity A · Item 4
4. They also 4 [_______] themselves with scuba diving to get used to the feeling of floating in space.
P193 Activity A · Item 5
5. After they have 5 [_______] the required number of training hours, they can be assigned to a mission.
📖 Activity B · Definitions 词汇定义 (Page 193)
5 题 · 官方词汇释义
P193 Activity B · Item 1
6. You admire or respect something that is [_______].
P193 Activity B · Item 2
7. A(n) [_______] is the first person to do something.
P193 Activity B · Item 3
8. If something becomes [_______] from something else, it separates from it.
P193 Activity B · Item 4
9. If something [_______] you, you feel anxious about it.
P193 Activity B · Item 5
10. [_______] is the normal state of being awake and aware.
🔤 Activity C · Word Parts: Suffix -ize (Page 193)
4 题 · 词根衍生造词填空
P193 Activity C · Item 1
11. Astronauts have few people to 1 [_______] with in space. (word base: social)
P193 Activity C · Item 2
12. Returning astronauts are 2 [_______] for a short time: Being on the ISS can be physically and mentally exhausting. (word base: hospital)
P193 Activity C · Item 3
13. There is a constant need to improve and 3 [_______] the ISS. (word base: modern)
P193 Activity C · Item 4
14. Astronomer Carl Sagan helped 4 [_______] astronomy with his 1980 TV show Cosmos. (word base: popular)
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