🪄 6A 词汇表
brilliant
/ˈbrɪl.jənt/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Extremely bright or beautiful; exceptional in quality.
绚丽的，极聪慧的，辉煌的
💬 课本原句例句
Coral reefs display nature’s most brilliant colors.
健康的大堡礁珊瑚群绽放出绚丽夺目的缤纷色彩，构成了地球上最美妙的海底奇观。
chemical
/ˈkem.ɪ.kəl/
n./adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A substance that is produced by or used in a chemical process.
化学品；化学的
💬 课本原句例句
In cyanide fishing, fishermen release liquid cyanide—a very dangerous and deadly chemical—into the reef.
农田过量施用的化肥农药随河流冲入近海，其中残留的化学物质对脆弱的珊瑚幼虫具有剧毒。
conservation
/ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and important structures.
保护，保存，自然保护
💬 课本原句例句
If we take steps toward coral reef conservation, it is likely that these tiny creatures—which survived natural threats for millions of years—will be able to rebuild.
海洋生态学家们正积极奔走，呼吁在沿海地区建立更广泛的珊瑚礁自然保护区。
construct
/kənˈstrʌkt/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To build something or put together different parts to form something.
建造，构建
💬 课本原句例句
Prized throughout history, limestone was used to construct the Great Pyramids of Egypt, as well as many churches and castles.
无数微小的珊瑚虫经过上万年的代谢沉淀，建造出了从太空中都清晰可见的巨大石灰岩礁体。
negative
/ˈneɡ.ə.tɪv/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Harmful, unwelcome, or expressing refusal or disagreement.
负面的，消极的，有害的
💬 课本原句例句
These methods can help fishermen get a good catch, but their negative effects on the reefs are significant.
全球海水温度持续攀升对全球近三分之一的浅海珊瑚礁生态系统造成了极其严重的负面影响。
occupy
/ˈɒk.jə.paɪ/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To fill, exist in, or use a space or area.
占据，占领，居住于
💬 课本原句例句
They occupy just a small part of the ocean floor, but host 25 percent of all ocean life.
珊瑚礁仅占据了全球海洋总面积不到百分之一的狭小空间，却孕育了四分之一的海洋生物。
pollution
/pəˈluː.ʃən/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Damage caused to water, air, or land by harmful substances or waste.
污染，污染物
💬 课本原句例句
Another threat is water pollution.
沿岸工业废水排放与塑料垃圾污染正在严重扼杀这些海底生命乐园的生机。
release
/rɪˈliːs/
v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To give freedom or free movement to someone or something.
释放，排放，发布
💬 课本原句例句
In cyanide fishing, fishermen release liquid cyanide—a very dangerous and deadly chemical—into the reef.
受高温应激反应的珊瑚虫会被迫向水体中释放共生虫黄藻，从而出现大规模白化现象。
remarkable
/rɪˈmɑː.kə.bəl/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioning.
非凡的，引人注目的，显著的
💬 课本原句例句
A Variety of Life Indeed, a living coral reef is remarkable, a “city beneath the sea” filled with a rich variety of life.
珊瑚礁展示了极其非凡的生物适应能力，但面对当今人类剧烈温室效应仍显得不堪一击。
shallow
/ˈʃæl.əʊ/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Having only a short distance from the top to the bottom; not deep.
浅的，浅水区的
💬 课本原句例句
Most coral reefs can be found in warm, shallow oceans.
绝大部分造礁珊瑚只能生活在阳光充足、水流清澈温润的热带浅水区海域。
📖 课文原文 · Cities Beneath the Sea
Paragraph A
For uncounted generations, trillions upon trillions of coral polyps have lived and died, leaving behind a material called limestone.
Prized throughout history, limestone was used to construct the Great Pyramids of Egypt, as well as many churches and castles.
Yet the greatest limestone structures in the world are built underwater, by the coral polyps themselves.
We call them reefs.
They can be even larger in scale than the most impressive buildings and structures made by humans.
Paragraph B
Mostly found in water warmed by sunlight, reefs are built by coral polyps—tiny, soft-bodied animals related to jellyfish.
As more coral polyps come together, the reef grows.
Some coral reefs began growing over 50 million years ago.
Paragraph C
Indeed, a living coral reef is remarkable, a "city beneath the sea" filled with a rich variety of life.
Most coral reefs can be found in warm, shallow oceans.
They occupy just a small part of the ocean floor, but host 25 percent of all ocean life.
Coral reefs display nature's most brilliant colors.
Each reef is full of colorful fish as well as coral that form wonderful patterns.
In addition to their beauty, the reefs are an important food source for fish, and for humans.
In fact, reef fish make up a significant percentage of the global fish catch.
Paragraph D
Threats to Coral Reefs: Various human activities can cause great harm to the world's coral reefs.
For example, reefs can be damaged when the coral is taken for use in building materials, jewelry-making, or to fill aquariums.
Paragraph E
Illegal fishing methods like blast and cyanide fishing also harm the reefs.
These methods can help fishermen get a good catch, but their negative effects on the reefs are significant.
Blast fishing involves setting off bombs in the water to kill as many fish as possible.
This kills most living things nearby and causes damage to the reef's structure.
Paragraph F
In cyanide fishing, fishermen release liquid cyanide—a very dangerous and deadly chemical—into the reef.
As a result, the fish become stunned, which makes them easy to collect.
Meanwhile, the reef is damaged by the cyanide, which kills large numbers of coral polyps.
The reef is also damaged by the fishermen who break it apart looking for the stunned fish.
Paragraph G
Another threat is water pollution.
When floods in Australia covered the Great Barrier Reef with dirty freshwater, the quality of the water changed and chemicals killed the reef life.
In addition, global warming has caused many reefs to become sick.
Warmer temperatures have turned them white, in a process known as coral bleaching.
A 2018 UN Report predicted that up to 99 percent of the world's coral reefs may decline if global warming continues.
As conservationist Robert Richmond says, "Given a chance, they can come back."
得分: 0
Before You Read · p.86
A. What do you know about coral reefs? Answer True or False.
1. Coral reefs are found in warm, clear, shallow ocean water.
2. Corals are plants that grow like flowers on the sea bed.
3. A coral reef stops growing after one hundred years.
4. Many species of marine life rely on coral reefs for food and shelter.
B. Look at the title and headings. What three main topics does the passage discuss?
Reading Comprehension · p.90
A. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the main idea of the reading passage?
2. According to paragraph B, how do coral reefs form?
3. According to paragraph E, what causes coral bleaching?
4. Why are coral reefs compared to underwater cities?
5. What do marine conservationists recommend to protect coral reefs?
B. Choose the meaning of each word as used in the passage.
1. innumerable species (paragraph C)
2. brilliant colors (paragraph B)
3. reconstruct reefs (paragraph F)
Reading Skill · p.91
Reading Skill Strategy
Cause and Effect Signal Words
Look for transitions that show causal relationships: as a result, consequently, because, therefore, so.
B. Identify causes and effects in artificial reef formation on sunken ships.
1. Sunken ship in ocean current → Water becomes rich in ______.
2. Water rich in plankton → ______ animals are attracted to feed.
3. Ship has many openings → Creatures have a place to ______.
4. Polyps cover the wreck → It no longer looks like a ______.
Critical Thinking · Balancing Conservation. Should tourism be banned completely near fragile coral reefs? What are pros and cons?
📘 6A 核心词汇
点击发音跟读，展开中文释义检查记忆。
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中文释义
绚丽的，极聪慧的，辉煌的跟读 0 次
中文释义
化学品；化学的跟读 0 次
中文释义
保护，保存，自然保护跟读 0 次
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建造，构建跟读 0 次
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负面的，消极的，有害的跟读 0 次
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占据，占领，居住于跟读 0 次
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污染，污染物跟读 0 次
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释放，排放，发布跟读 0 次
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非凡的，引人注目的，显著的跟读 0 次
中文释义
浅的，浅水区的得分: 0
Vocabulary Practice A · p.92
Complete the sentences using words from the box.
conservation · negative · remarkable · shallow
conservation · negative · remarkable · shallow
1. Rising sea temperature has had a ______ effect on corals.
2. Most coral polyps thrive in warm, ______ waters where sunlight penetrates.
3. Reefs demonstrate a ______ level of biodiversity rivaling rainforests.
4. Marine ______ groups work tirelessly to establish ocean parks.
Vocabulary Practice B · Definitions
Choose the correct word or meaning.
1. If you discard something, you ______ it.
2. To construct means to ______.
3. If species reside on a reef, they ______ there.
4. Polluted water is ______.
5. Vibrant colors are ______.
6. A laboratory is a ______.
Vocabulary Practice C · Word Partners with “negative”
Match the adjective negative with its partner.
1. negative ______ (harmful consequence on health/nature)
2. negative ______ (critical answer from the public)
3. negative ______ (unfavorable interpretation)
🏆 Reading Explorer 2 · 6A 荣誉通关证书
Cities Beneath the Sea (海底都市)
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