🪄 2B 词汇表
accurate
/ˈæk.jə.rət/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Correct, exact, and without any mistakes.
准确的，精确的
💬 课本原句例句
In fact, their mimicry is so accurate that the music changes little between generations.
现代医学传感器使科学家能够精确测量人体皮肤对外界环境的微弱生物反应。
aspect
/ˈæs.pekt/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
One part of a situation, problem, subject, etc.
方面，层面
💬 课本原句例句
Another aspect scientists are now exploring is the impact of habitat loss on songbirds.
作为保护我们身体的第一道防线，皮肤在人体健康运作的每一个层面都至关重要。
combination
/ˌkɒm.bɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The result of combining two or more different things.
结合，结合体
💬 课本原句例句
The combination of accurate mimicry and conformist bias allows the birds to create traditions that last for centuries.
人类的肤色深浅是由遗传基因与所处地理环境紫外线照射强度二者结合决定的。
create
/kriˈeɪt/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To make something new, or invent something.
创造，产生，引起
💬 课本原句例句
The combination of accurate mimicry and conformist bias allows the birds to create traditions that last for centuries.
真皮层内的黑色素细胞能够产生色素颗粒，保护细胞核免受紫外线损伤。
cultural
/ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/
adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Relating to the habits, traditions, and beliefs of a society.
文化的，文化上的
💬 课本原句例句
These barriers may prevent cultural interaction between songbird populations, such as the exchange of song types.
纹身在世界不同民族和不同时代中，承载着极其丰富的文化象征意义。
evolve
/ɪˈvɒlv/
v.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
To develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form.
演变，进化
💬 课本原句例句
He hopes that future research will evolve from these studies.
随着人类祖先迁徙到阳光稀少的高纬度地区，他们的皮肤逐渐演变出浅色特征以便合成维生素D。
exchange
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/
v./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
The act of giving something and receiving something else in return.
交换，交流
💬 课本原句例句
These barriers may prevent cultural interaction between songbird populations, such as the exchange of song types.
皮肤毛孔通过排汗调节体温，时刻与周围外部环境进行着热量交换。
human
/ˈhjuː.mən/
adj./n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
Relating to or typical of people.
人的，人类的；人类
💬 课本原句例句
Conformist bias is the way humans or animals tend to follow common behavior.
人类的皮肤不仅是感知触觉的精妙器官，更是守护生命的坚韧护盾。
impact
/ˈɪm.pækt/
n.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person.
巨大影响，冲击
💬 课本原句例句
Another aspect scientists are now exploring is the impact of habitat loss on songbirds.
强烈的阳光曝晒对脆弱的人体皮肤细胞有着不可逆转的破坏性影响。
standard
/ˈstæn.dəd/
n./adj.
📖 英文释义 · 词义解析
A level of quality or attainment that is accepted as normal or average.
标准，准则；标准的
💬 课本原句例句
The research revealed that only 2 percent of male sparrows sung a different song from the standard tune.
不同文化对于怎样才是理想的健康肤色，有着各自完全不同的审美标准。
📖 课文原文 · The 1,000-Year Bird Song
Paragraph A
Every summer, the calls of thousands of swamp sparrows can be heard across North America's wetlands.
These little brown birds know only a few songs, but they know them very well.
In fact, their musical set list probably hasn't changed much for centuries.
Paragraph B
Like humans, baby swamp sparrows learn to communicate by copying adults.
From a young age, they learn to copy, or mimic, songs sung by their elders.
"Swamp sparrows very rarely make mistakes when they learn their songs," says biologist Robert Lachlan.
In fact, their mimicry is so accurate that the music changes little between generations.
Paragraph C
Just like children, the sparrows don't remember every song they hear, Lachlan says.
"They don't just learn songs at random; they pick up commoner songs rather than rarer songs." In other words, they learn songs they hear most often.
It's an example of a strategy that scientists call conformist bias.
Until recently, this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans.
Paragraph D
Between 2008 and 2009, Lachlan's research team recorded the calls of 615 male swamp sparrows across the northeastern United States.
The researchers used computer software to break each song into a collection of notes, or syllables.
They then measured the differences between the tunes.
Paragraph E
The research revealed that only 2 percent of male sparrows sung a different song from the standard tune.
The combination of accurate mimicry and conformist bias allows the birds to create traditions that last for centuries.
"With those two ingredients together, you end up with traditions that are really stable," says Lachlan.
"The song-types that you hear in the marshes of North America today may well have been there 1,000 years ago."
Paragraph F
Lachlan's study is among the first to measure the longevity of song traditions within a bird species.
Another aspect scientists are now exploring is the impact of habitat loss on songbirds.
Man-made barriers—such as cities, roads, and plantations—can break up a bird population into a number of isolated groups.
These barriers may prevent cultural interaction between songbird populations, such as the exchange of song types.
Paragraph G
The findings are really exciting, says scientist Andrew Farnsworth.
He hopes that future research will evolve from these studies.
For example, scientists may be able to identify how other animals are able to preserve their cultural traditions.
"Seeing the potential for it in other organisms is super cool," says Farnsworth.
得分: 0
Before You Read · p.29
A. Read the paragraph about the great horned owl and the lyrebird. What is special about the way these birds communicate?
B. Look at the title and photo on page 30. What bird is the passage about? Why is its call so special?
Reading Comprehension · p.32
A. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What would be the best alternative title for the passage?
2. In paragraph B, the word elders means ______.
3. In Lachlan’s study, about how many swamp sparrows did NOT sing traditional songs?
4. Hundreds of years ago, the songs of swamp sparrows were probably ______.
5. Which of the following is an example of conformist bias?
B. Are the following statements true or false according to the reading passage, or is the information not given? Circle T, F, or NG.
1. Swamp sparrows learn to sing when they are young.
2. Conformist bias was only recently noticed in animals.
3. The swamp sparrow research was carried out all over the United States.
4. Each sparrow song consists of more than ten notes, or syllables.
5. Scientists are studying how habitat loss might affect bird songs.
Reading Skill · p.33
Reading Skill Strategy
Scanning for Details
Scanning a text can help you to quickly find specific information, such as a name, a date, a place, a number, or a reason.
Decide what exactly you need to look for, and then quickly look only for that information. Do not read every word.
A. For each question, decide what information you need to look for. Choose the correct information type.
1. Where do swamp sparrows live?
2. Who are the two scientists mentioned in the passage?
3. When did the research team carry out the swamp sparrow study?
4. How many male swamp sparrows were recorded?
5. Why did the researchers use computer software?
B. Note the paragraph in which each piece of information appears.
1. examples of man-made barriers
2. the main findings of the swamp sparrow study
3. an example of future research that may evolve from the study
4. how both children and swamp sparrows learn to communicate
Critical Thinking · Applying Concepts. Look again at the definition of conformist bias. What are some examples of conformist bias in human society?
📘 2B 核心词汇
点击发音跟读，展开中文释义检查记忆。
跟读 0 次
中文释义
准确的，精确的跟读 0 次
中文释义
方面，层面跟读 0 次
中文释义
结合，结合体跟读 0 次
中文释义
创造，产生，引起跟读 0 次
中文释义
文化的，文化上的跟读 0 次
中文释义
演变，进化跟读 0 次
中文释义
交换，交流跟读 0 次
中文释义
人的，人类的；人类跟读 0 次
中文释义
巨大影响，冲击跟读 0 次
中文释义
标准，准则；标准的得分: 0
Vocabulary Practice A · p.34
Complete the information using the correct form of the words in the box.
aspect · evolve · exchange · human · standard
Parrots and 1____ learn to vocalize similarly: Both listen and then repeat back what they hear. Now scientists have found another 2____ of their behavior that is similar. Parrots do not speak a single, 3____ language; they speak in regional dialects. A team from New Mexico State University has studied the vocal 4____ among Amazon parrots living in Costa Rica... Only a few animals have 5____ to communicate in this way.
aspect · evolve · exchange · human · standard
Parrots and 1____ learn to vocalize similarly: Both listen and then repeat back what they hear. Now scientists have found another 2____ of their behavior that is similar. Parrots do not speak a single, 3____ language; they speak in regional dialects. A team from New Mexico State University has studied the vocal 4____ among Amazon parrots living in Costa Rica... Only a few animals have 5____ to communicate in this way.
1. Blank 1: Parrots and ______ learn to vocalize similarly...
2. Blank 2: ... found another ______ of their behavior that is similar.
3. Blank 3: Parrots do not speak a single, ______ language...
4. Blank 4: ... studied the vocal ______ among Amazon parrots...
5. Blank 5: Only a few animals have ______ to communicate in this way.
Vocabulary Practice B · Definitions
Match the two parts of each definition.
1. If you create something,
2. If something is a combination,
3. If something is cultural,
4. If something has an impact,
5. If information is accurate,
Vocabulary Practice C · Word Forms
Many nouns, such as combination, are formed from verbs by adding the suffix -tion. Complete these sentences using the correct form of combine, create, or evolve.
1. To communicate, bees use a(n) ______ of body movements and chemical signals.
2. The development of language has played an important role in human ______.
3. Like bees, ants can ______ chemicals called “pheromones.”
4. As a language ______, the meaning of certain words can change.
🏆 Reading Explorer 2 · 2B 荣誉通关证书
The 1,000-Year Bird Song (延续千年的鸟鸣)
0预习得分
0复习得分
0核心词跟读
0本课总得分