🪄 1B 词汇表
ability
/əˈbɪləti/
n.
释义 Definition
the physical or mental power or skill needed to do something
能力，本领
课本原句
To survive, octopuses have developed the amazing ability to change their appearance very quickly in order to hide from predators.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
appearance
/əˈpɪərəns/
n.
释义 Definition
the way that someone or something looks
外貌，外观
课本原句
Octopuses can change their appearance in less than a second to look like rocks, plants, or even other animals.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
creature
/ˈkriːtʃə(r)/
n.
释义 Definition
any large or small living thing that can move independently
生物，动物
课本原句
One type of octopus can change its form to look like other sea creatures—especially dangerous ones, such as sea snakes.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
develop
/dɪˈveləp/
v.
释义 Definition
to grow or change into a more advanced, larger, or stronger form
发展，演化，形成
课本原句
To survive, octopuses have developed the amazing ability to change their appearance very quickly in order to hide from predators.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
hide
/haɪd/
v.
释义 Definition
to put something in a place where it cannot be seen or found
隐藏，躲藏
课本原句
To survive, octopuses have developed the amazing ability to change their appearance very quickly in order to hide from predators.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
muscle
/ˈmʌsl/
n.
释义 Definition
one of many tissues in the body that can tighten and relax to produce movement
肌肉
课本原句
When an octopus moves its muscles a certain way, the cells become large and produce colorful spots and other patterns on its skin.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
pattern
/ˈpætn/
n.
释义 Definition
a particular way in which something is done, organized, or happens
图案，花纹，模式
课本原句
When an octopus moves its muscles a certain way, the cells become large and produce colorful spots and other patterns on its skin.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
produce
/prəˈdjuːs/
v.
释义 Definition
to make something or bring something into existence
产生，制造
课本原句
When an octopus moves its muscles a certain way, the cells become large and produce colorful spots and other patterns on its skin.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
shape
/ʃeɪp/
n.
释义 Definition
the particular physical form of something
形状，形态
课本原句
Another way an octopus disguises itself is by changing its shape.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
survive
/səˈvaɪv/
v.
释义 Definition
to continue to live after almost dying because of an accident, illness, or war
存活，幸存
课本原句
To survive, octopuses have developed the amazing ability to change their appearance very quickly in order to hide from predators.
💬 课本原句 · 点击朗读
📖 课文原文 · Master of Disguise
Paragraph A
Octopuses are famous for their round bodies, big eyes, and eight arms. There are many different types of octopuses, but all are alike in one way: They are masters of disguise. Octopuses can change their appearance in less than a second to look like rocks, plants, or even other animals. How do they do this?
Paragraph B
An octopus can disguise itself in three ways. One is by using color. An octopus’s skin has special cells called chromatophores. These cells are filled with yellow, brown, and red pigment. When an octopus moves its muscles a certain way, the cells become large and produce colorful spots and other patterns on its skin. Chromatophores can also reflect light. In blue light, for example, an octopus’s skin will look blue. In white light, its skin will look white. With these cells, an octopus can produce many different skin colors and patterns.
Paragraph C
An octopus can also change its skin texture. When the octopus moves its muscles, its skin can go from smooth to spiky. It might then look like a plant, or coral. Another way an octopus disguises itself is by changing its shape. Some, for example, roll their bodies into balls so they look like rocks. One type of octopus can change its form to look like other sea creatures—especially dangerous ones, such as sea snakes.
Paragraph D
Why are octopuses so good at disguising themselves? They have to be. The ocean is not a safe place for them. Because they have no bones in their bodies, octopuses are like large pieces of meat. Many predators want to eat them— and they can eat them whole. To survive, octopuses have developed the amazing ability to change their appearance very quickly in order to hide from predators.
1. A master is very good at doing something.
2. A cell is the smallest living part of an animal or plant. Most animals have billions of cells in their bodies.
3. Pigment is a substance that gives something color. For example, green pigment makes most plants look green.
4. Texture is how something looks and feels (e.g., soft, smooth, spiky).
2. A cell is the smallest living part of an animal or plant. Most animals have billions of cells in their bodies.
3. Pigment is a substance that gives something color. For example, green pigment makes most plants look green.
4. Texture is how something looks and feels (e.g., soft, smooth, spiky).
An octopus brain holds only one-third of the animal’s neurons (nerve cells). It handles functions such as decision-making, learning, and memory. Skin texture smooth spiky Skin color/pattern normal expanded (large spots) ALL MUSCLE, NO BONES An octopus’s body has many muscles. This makes it strong and fast. Octopuses also have no bones, so they can change their shape very quickly. An octopus has three hearts: one large central heart and two smaller ones on either side. About two-thirds of an octopus’s neurons are in its arms. These neurons control the arm movements. Octopuses can change their appearance to match their surroundings. Once the brain gives a signal, the octopus’s muscles move in a certain way, changing its skin from smooth to spiky and producing colorful spots or stripes on its skin. Unit 1B 15
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Before You Read · p.13
A. Read the caption below. Then circle the correct words to complete these definitions.
Octopuses disguise themselves so predators (e.g., dolphins or sharks) don’t see them. Here, the octopus looks like the coral nearby.
Octopuses disguise themselves so predators (e.g., dolphins or sharks) don’t see them. Here, the octopus looks like the coral nearby.
1. If you disguise yourself, you change how you look so others ______ who you are.
2. by appearing to be sea snakes
3. by rolling their bodies into balls
4. by reflecting light
5. by making their skin spiky
Reading Skill & Critical Thinking · p.17
Identifying Main Ideas in Paragraphs
A paragraph usually has one main idea and some details that support it. Paragraphs often include a topic sentence that describes the main idea. Usually—but not always—a topic sentence is at or near the start of the paragraph, or at the end. One way to find the main idea quickly is to read the sentences at the beginning and end of the paragraph. A paragraph’s heading (if it has one) can also give a clue to its main idea.
A paragraph usually has one main idea and some details that support it. Paragraphs often include a topic sentence that describes the main idea. Usually—but not always—a topic sentence is at or near the start of the paragraph, or at the end. One way to find the main idea quickly is to read the sentences at the beginning and end of the paragraph. A paragraph’s heading (if it has one) can also give a clue to its main idea.
A. Read the paragraph below. Which sentence gives the main idea?
Is it a stick? Or is it an insect? It’s a stick insect— an insect that looks like a stick. The stick insect is an example of an animal that uses color, texture, and shape to disguise itself. It lives— and can easily hide—among the leaves and twigs of plants. Most stick insects are either brown or green. The smallest types are just over a centimeter long. The largest is about 33 centimeters, making it one of the world’s longest insects.
Is it a stick? Or is it an insect? It’s a stick insect— an insect that looks like a stick. The stick insect is an example of an animal that uses color, texture, and shape to disguise itself. It lives— and can easily hide—among the leaves and twigs of plants. Most stick insects are either brown or green. The smallest types are just over a centimeter long. The largest is about 33 centimeters, making it one of the world’s longest insects.
1. Which sentence gives the main idea?
2. Paragraph B
3. Paragraph C
4. Paragraph D
Critical Thinking · Comparing. Which animal do you think is smarter—the dolphin or the octopus? Why?
教师参考要点
They are smart in different ways: dolphins can play, plan, and communicate; octopuses are very good at camouflage. Explain your own comparison.
📘 1B 核心词汇
点击发音跟读，展开中文释义检查记忆。
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中文释义
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中文释义
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中文释义
发展；形成跟读 0 次
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中文释义
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中文释义
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Vocabulary Practice A · Completion (p.18)
Complete the paragraph with words from the box.
ability · appearance · hide · patterns · produce
Reef squid—like their relatives, octopuses—have an amazing 1____: They can quickly change their physical 2____ in order to 3____ from predators. They also use this skill to send messages; they can even 4____ two messages at the same time! For example, a male reef squid swimming near a female squid can create colorful, attractive 5____ on the side of its body closest to the female. On the other side, it shows black and white lines that tell other male squid to stay away.
ability · appearance · hide · patterns · produce
Reef squid—like their relatives, octopuses—have an amazing 1____: They can quickly change their physical 2____ in order to 3____ from predators. They also use this skill to send messages; they can even 4____ two messages at the same time! For example, a male reef squid swimming near a female squid can create colorful, attractive 5____ on the side of its body closest to the female. On the other side, it shows black and white lines that tell other male squid to stay away.
1. Complete blank 1.
2. Complete blank 2.
3. Complete blank 3.
4. Complete blank 4.
5. Complete blank 5.
Vocabulary Practice B · Words in Context
Complete each sentence with the correct answer (a or b).
1. A creature refers to any living ______.
2. A circle has a ______ shape.
3. If you survive a dangerous situation, you ______ through it.
4. The muscles in the human body control how we ______.
5. If you develop a skill or ability, it becomes ______.
Vocabulary Practice C · Word Forms
The verb survive can be made into a noun by adding the suffixes -or or -al. Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box.
survive · survivor · survival
survive · survivor · survival
1. The ______ of whales is connected to the health of the ocean.
2. These plants cannot ______ in very cold conditions.
3. The plane crash had only one ______.
🏆 Reading Explorer 1 · 1B 荣誉通关证书
MASTER OF DISGUISE (伪装大师)
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